The Volgograd region is located in the Lower Volga region. The Volgograd Region borders on the Rostov Region in the southwest, the Voronezh Region in the northwest, the Saratov Region in the north, the Astrakhan Region in the southeast, and Kalmykia in the south. It has a federal border with Kazakhstan in the east.
Volgograd is the
administrative center of the region.
Kamyshin
is a former merchant town, and now a sleepy regional center on the
Volga.
Volzhsky is a satellite city of
Volgograd, located near the Volgograd hydroelectric power station
Uryupinsk is the historical center of the
Khoper Cossacks, entrenched in the mass consciousness as a symbol of
the Russian province
Serafimovich is a Cossack village, the
birthplace of the famous Soviet writer Alexander Serafimovich.
Elton Wikidata item, Pallasovsky district. The salty drainless lake
in the Pallasovsky district is the largest mineral lake in Europe and
one of the most mineralized in the world. It looks like the Dead Sea,
only very shallow. Many Kazakhs live in the Pallasovsky district, so the
ethnographic center "Altyn-Nur" (Kazakh - "golden camel") operates in
the village of Elton.
Tormosin and Tsimlyansk Sands
Ergenin sands
The main attractions of the region are located in Volgograd, and most
of them are associated with the heroic defense of the city in the Battle
of Stalingrad. The complex on Mamaev Kurgan is perhaps the best war
memorial of the Soviet Union, and the Motherland figure is the main
symbol of both Volgograd and the entire region. However, in Volgograd
there are not only military monuments: in its southern part, the best
colony of the Volga Germans Staraya Sarepta has been preserved in the
Volga region. Not far from it begins the Volga-Don Canal, decorated with
an empire-style triumphal arch, and a giant statue of Lenin looks down
on the vessels entering the canal. In addition to Volgograd, there is a
large war memorial in the village of Pyatimorsk, Kalachevsky District -
the monument "Connection of Fronts" by E. V. Vuchetich, dedicated to
closing the encirclement around German troops near Stalingrad. On the
outskirts of the village of Gorodishche, on the R-22 highway, there is
the memorial complex Soldier's Field - the site of such fierce battles
in 1942 that its demining was completed only by 1975.
There are
no significant architectural sights outside the regional center. In
Serafimovich and Uryupinsk, fragments of the building of Cossack
villages have been preserved, and in Kamyshin - merchant houses, but do
not expect architectural masterpieces from them. Probably the most
interesting interesting building outside of Volgograd is the Church of
the Transfiguration on the outskirts of Serafimovich.
The
monasteries of the Volgograd region may be of particular interest. The
most famous and most visited monastery in the region is the
Ust-Medveditsky Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery in Serafimovich: it has
its own relic - the stone of Arsenia - and an unusually designed church
with 33 cupolas, and beautiful views of the Don. Almost the oldest
building in the region, the Ascension Cathedral, dating from the middle
of the 18th century, but badly damaged during the years of Soviet power,
has been preserved in the Kremensky Ascension Monastery (st.
Kremenskaya). The Kamenno-Brodsky Holy Trinity Belogorsky Monastery (the
village of Kamenny Brod) resembles the cave monasteries of the Voronezh
cloud: here the monastery premises are also dug into the chalk mountain,
next to which there is an old oak grove.
Ilovlinsky Museum of
Cossack Life (Cossack hut), Ilovlya, st. Zheleznodorozhnikov, 2v (Road
R-22 "Kaspiy", exit to Ilovlya). ☎ +7 (84467) 5-12-10. Mon–Sun
9:00–18:00. Manor of an average Cossack of the late 19th - early 20th
centuries. The elements of the traditional material culture of the Don
Cossacks are collected. A hut, a summer kitchen, a well, and
outbuildings are inscribed in the landscape of the area. The exhibits
are objects of everyday life of the pre-revolutionary Cossacks of the
pre-revolutionary time. The museum's program includes showing elements
of traditional Cossack folklore, calendar and ritual holidays, tasting
Cossack dishes and drinks: shcherba, kanysh, ushnik, kulaga, mead,
zvara. Pets.
Natural parks in the Volgograd region occupy an area of over 600
thousand hectares. Each of them has routes for lovers of ecological
tourism and outdoor activities. You can go kayaking on the rivers, ride
boats, bicycles, ride horses, fish "savage", look into one of the
fishing villages on the banks of the Volga, Don, Khopra and other
rivers.
The natural park "Volga-Akhtuba floodplain" is located
within the Sredneakhtubinsky, Leninsky and Svetloyarsky districts
between the Volga and Akhtuba rivers. The park has long been considered
a mecca for lovers of fishing, water and active tourism.
The
natural park "Ust-Medveditsky" is located in the Serafimovichi district.
In summer, herbs bloom on the slopes of the beams, from which medicinal
honey is collected. These places are especially attractive for cyclists.
The Tsimlyansky Sands Natural Park is located in the Chernyshkovsky
District in the southwest of the Volgograd Region. Here you can meet
herds of feral horses - mustangs.
The natural park
"Scherbakovsky" is located in the Kamyshinsky district in the north of
the region. The park is a high plateau with deep valleys and gullies.
The Stolbichi rocks on the banks of the Volgograd reservoir are one of
the best viewpoints in the region, and at the foot of the 90-meter
Urakov hillock there is a labyrinth of caves-adits of the 18th-19th
centuries - these are ancient quarries of the Volga Germans.
The
natural park "Donskoy" is located in the Ilovlinsky district in a small
bend of the Don. The main pride of the park is the Don chalk cliffs with
a wonderful view of the Don and its floodplains with many islands and
lakes.
The Nizhnekhopyorsky Nature Park is located along the
valley of the Khoper River within the Alekseevsky, Kumylzhensky and
Nekhaevsky districts. It is especially loved by connoisseurs of fishing.
The Eltonsky Nature Park is located in the Pallasovsky district in
the east of the Volgograd region, the center of the park is Lake Elton,
the largest salt lake in Europe. Therapeutic mud and brine of the lake
is a unique balneological resource.
The day of the defeat of the Nazi troops in the Battle of Stalingrad
is celebrated annually in Volgograd on February 2, in national calendars
it is also celebrated as the Day of Military Glory of Russia. It was on
this day in 1943 that the remnants of the troops of the 6th German army
surrounded in Stalingrad surrendered to the Red Army, which served as a
victorious end to the Battle of Stalingrad for the Soviet troops. The
main places of celebrations and celebrations are Mamaev Kurgan, the
Panorama Museum and the Square of the Fallen Fighters.
Kamyshinsky watermelon festival The tradition of celebrating the
watermelon festival came from the legend that in 1722 Peter I visited
the city of Dmitrievsk (now Kamyshin), where he was treated to a sweet
berry - watermelon, and the sovereign liked the fruits. Every year at
the end of August, the city hosts the watermelon festival "Great
excellent fruit!". Within the framework of the festival, there is a
scarecrow competition "Melon Guard" and "Watermelon Mochilovo" - battles
with the pulp of watermelon.
Sabantuy in Malye Chapurniki The
Tatar holiday takes place at the end of May in the village of Malye
Chapurniki, Svetloyarsky district. The program of the holiday includes
performances by amateur art groups, demonstration performances of
wrestlers, national belt wrestling keresh, horse racing, children's
national games: "Weaving the braid" and "Break the pot", the sale of
national souvenirs is organized and a teahouse is open, where you can
taste dishes of the Tatar kitchens.
Khoper Dawns of Mikhail
Sholokhov” Every year in the village of Bukanovskaya, Kumylzhensky
district, a holiday dedicated to M.A. Sholokhov is held. It was here
that Mikhail Sholokhov spent his youth, began to create the famous novel
Quiet Flows the Don, and met his first and only love. Guests of the
holiday are waiting for performances by creative amateur groups, tables
with traditional Cossack treats, pickled food, a festive fair.
Military Historical Festival "Tsaritsyn" Reconstruction of historical
events of the 17th century. At the festival, you can see the sovereign
archers, free Cossacks, European mercenaries and many other characters
of the 17th century. The festival program includes a fair of masters, a
parade of military history clubs, a demonstration performance
"Reconstruction of the battle on Tsaritsynsky Val", master classes in
archery, military art of the 17th century, and historical fencing.
The Anna Ioannovna Val is a complex of defensive structures of the 18th century.
In the Middle Ages, the lands of the present Volgograd region were
part of such large state formations as the Turkic and Khazar Khaganates,
the Golden Horde, the Astrakhan Khanate, the Small Nogai, the Nogai
Horde and the Moscow kingdom. Since the 1st millennium AD, the
Volgodonskaya perevoloka existed on the territory of the region on the
Volgodonsk isthmus, which marked the beginning of the transformation of
Tsaritsyn into a major regional center. The ancient trade and military
route existed until 1952, when the VolgoDon canal began to provide
transport links between the rivers.
Don Cossack Region
In the
19th century, most of the right-bank part of the modern Volgograd region
of Russia was part of the region of the Don Cossacks, an
administrative-territorial unit of the Russian Empire inhabited by Don
Cossacks and governed by a special position. From 1786 it was officially
called the land of the Don Cossacks, in 1870-1918 - the region of the
Don Cossacks.
It is worth adding that between Dmitrievsk and
Tsaritsyn in the 18th century the Volga Cossack army was located, which
in fact was the eastern continuation of the Donskoy. After its
disbandment, part of the Volga Cossacks entered the Astrakhan Cossack
army, whose villages and land plots were located in the east of the
modern Volgograd region. From March 23 to May 4, 1918 (nominally until
September 30, 1918), the Don Soviet Republic existed in the region, and
after its liquidation, the Great Don Army (until 1920).
In 1920,
the region of the Don Cossacks was abolished, 7 of its districts became
part of the Don region, and three districts - the 2nd Donskoy, Khopersky
and Ust-Medveditsky - became part of the Tsaritsyn province. The modern
borders of the region included insignificant, uninhabited areas from the
Salsky, Donetsk, First Don districts of the All-Great Don Army. Thus,
the Cossack population of the region was divided roughly in half between
the two new administrative units of the Soviet Republic.
Tsaritsyn province (1919-1928, from 1925 - Stalingrad)
The center is
the city of Tsaritsyn (in 1925 - Stalingrad). It was formed on September
7, 1918 by order of the Military Council of the North Caucasian Military
District. The structure included the Tsaritsynsky district and part of
the Kamyshinsky district of the Saratov province. On April 20, 1919, the
territories of the 2nd Don and Ust-Medveditsky districts were included
in the Tsaritsyn province. By a decree of the All-Russian Central
Executive Committee of April 4, 1921, the Khopersky District of the Don
Region was included in the Tsaritsyno Governorate.
Don region
(March 20, 1920 - February 13, 1924)
It originated from a part of the
Don Cossacks region. On February 13, 1924, the region became part of the
South-Eastern region, together with the Kuban-Black Sea region,
Stavropol, Terek provinces and the city of Grozny. The administrative
center is Rostov-on-Don.
Lower Volga region (May 21, 1928 - June
11, 1928)
Formed from: Astrakhan, Stalingrad, Saratov provinces and
part of the Samara province. The administrative center is Saratov.
Lower Volga Territory (June 11, 1928 - January 10, 1934)
June 11,
1928 transformed from the Lower Volga region. The center of the region:
from 1928 to 1932 - Saratov, from 1932 to 1934 - Stalingrad.
Stalingrad region (January 10, 1934 - December 5, 1936)
It arose by
dividing the Lower Volga region. The administrative center is the city
of Stalingrad. December 5, 1936 the region was transformed into the
Stalingrad region and the Kalmyk ASSR
Stalingrad region (December
5, 1936 - December 16, 1961)
The Stalingrad Region was formed from
the Stalingrad Territory on December 5, 1936. An administrative unit on
the territory of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Also
at this time, the borders of the region often changed and moved either
to neighboring regions of the territory, then returned back, then
retreated completely to other regions, and from neighboring regions,
lands from other regions passed into the subordination of Volgograd.
The administrative center is the city of Stalingrad.
In the
1930s, plots of land in Kumylzhensky, Serafimovichsky, for example, part
of the land of the Proninsky rural settlement, Chernyshkovsky districts,
and in the early 1930s from the Lower Volga region the Salsk district
came out and in the 1940s, a piece of land overlooking the banks of the
Sal River in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Andreevskaya village, they left
the Stalingrad region and became part of the modern Rostov region. As
indicated by the book of M. Boldyrev dated March 18, 1928 "New Region"
maps and descriptions of the districts of the Lower Volga region. The
first stage of the defensive battle in the North Caucasus began on July
25, 1942, at the turn of the lower reaches of the Don in the strip from
the village of Verkhne-Kurmoyarskaya to the mouth of the Don.
The
Battle of Stalingrad took place from July 17, 1942 to February 2, 1943 -
one of the most important pitched battles of World War II and the Great
Patriotic War.
In 1944, part of the abolished Kalmyk ASSR became
part of the Stalingrad region. By a decree of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 6, 1954, the northern regions
of the region were included from the Stalingrad region into the newly
formed Balashov region. After the abolition of the Balashov region by
the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of
November 19, 1957, these areas were returned to the Stalingrad region.
From 1954 to 1957 Nizhne-Chirsky, Perelazovsky, Serafimovichsky and
Chernyshkovsky districts were part of the Kamensk region.
Volgograd region
December 16, 1961 renamed the Volgograd region. The
administrative center is the city of Volgograd. At the end of 2010, a
number of experts announced the real possibility of merging the
Volgograd and Astrakhan regions into a single Lower Volga region. At the
same time, the bet is placed on the Astrakhan region, its potential and
the regional elite. Some researchers consider it more productive to
unite with the neighboring Rostov region or to delimit the region after
2018 along the administrative borders that existed on the territory of
the modern Volgograd region on January 1, 1792, or on January 1, 1917.
There are different opinions on this matter.
In general, the
boundaries during the period of existence of the region from 1918 to
2015 changed on average once every 5-10-15 years - this also left its
mark on the peculiarity of the historical processes that took place in
the Volgograd region during this period of time.
From north to south and from west to east, the region stretches for
more than 400 km. The total length of the borders of the region is
2221.9 km, including with the Saratov region 29.9%, Rostov 26.8%,
Astrakhan 11.4%, Voronezh 11.3% regions, the Republic of Kalmykia 10.9%
and Kazakhstan 9, 7%.
The Volgograd region has a favorable
geographical position, being the main gateway to the south of Russia
with access to Iran, the Caucasus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. In the
opposite direction to Central Russia and the Volga region. Also in the
region, two major rivers of the European part of Russia are connected
through the Volga-Don Canal: the Volga and the Don. With its help, you
can access the following seas: the Caspian Sea, the White Sea, the
Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
It occupies an
area of 112.9 thousand km² (78% are agricultural land).
The
highest point of the region is Mount Serpokrylovskaya (358.6 m,
50°34′14″ N 45°08′41″ E HGЯO). It is located in the Zhirnovsky district,
southeast of the village of Serpokrylovo, from which it got its name.
The mountain is part of the Guselsko-Teterevyatsky ridge of the
Dono-Medveditskaya ridge of the Volga Upland.
The climate of the region is arid, with a pronounced continentality.
The northwestern part is located in the meadow steppe zone, the eastern
part is in the semi-desert zone, approaching real deserts with a dry
sharply continental climate BSk according to the Köppen classification
in the southern part of the Pallasovsky district to the south and
southeast of Lake Elton and southeast of the tract Kalmyk Zapadina and
in the southeastern part of the Svetloyarsky district. The average
temperature in January is from -7 to -12°С, in July from +28 to +35°С.
The average annual precipitation falls in the northwest up to 500 mm on
the slopes of the northern and eastern exposure of the Kalachskaya vozv.
Uryupinsk and Nekhaevsky districts and about 450 mm in the Mikhailovka
area due to a large cement plant, in the southeast - less than 270 mm.
The absolute maximum of +42…+45°C is usually observed in July-August.
The absolute minimum air temperature is -36 ... -41 ° C and is observed
in January - February.
Humidity coefficient from 0.5 in the
north-west of the region and it decreases to 0.25 in its south-east.
About 200 rivers of various sizes flow through the territory of the
Volgograd region. They belong to the basins of the Azov and Caspian
Seas, the Caspian and Sarpinsky endorheic basins. Most of the territory
of the region is drained by the Don with its tributaries: Khopr,
Medveditsa, Ilovley, Chir, Donskaya Tsaritsa, Myshkova, Aksai,
Kurmoyarsky Aksai - a total of 165 rivers. The Volga basin occupies a
narrow strip along the Volga valley and includes 30 watercourses.
There are few rivers on the vast territory of the Caspian closed
region (22,172 km²), they flow into Lake Elton (Smorogda, Khara,
Lantsug). The rivers belonging to the Sarpinsky endorheic basin flow
down from the eastern slope of the Ergeninsky Upland and flow into the
Sarpa and Tsatsa lakes.
The total length of the rivers flowing
through the territory of the Volgograd region is 7981 km, 9 of them have
a length of more than 200 km, their total length within the region is
1947 km. Rivers are fed by atmospheric precipitation (80-90% of the
total volume) and groundwater.
The Volga and Don with large
tributaries are used as waterways. Large hydroelectric power stations
were built on them, reservoirs were created, making it possible to use
water for generating hydropower and for irrigating fields. The Volga and
Don are connected by a navigable canal, thanks to which a deep-sea route
was laid between the Baltic, White, Caspian and Azov seas.
Volga-Akhtuba floodplain
Archedino-Don Sands
Ergeni
Medveditskaya ridge
Don river
Medveditsa river
Volga river
Akhtuba river
Khoper river
Lake Elton
Archeda river
The Volgograd region several times moved from one time zone to another. Local time MSK + 1 was introduced on October 28, 2018 on the basis of a referendum held in March of the same year. On December 27, 2020, the region returned back to the UTC + 3 (MSK) time zone.
A significant part of the plants and animals of the Volgograd region
is represented by steppe species. Some species of animals and plants
have disappeared from the territory of the region.
The fauna of
the region is quite rich and original, which is due to the peculiarities
of its geographical location and climate, the diversity and contrast of
landscapes. According to preliminary estimates, more than 15 thousand
species of invertebrates and about 500 species of vertebrates live in
the region, including about 9 thousand species of insects, more than 80
species of spiders, 80 species of fish, 8 species of amphibians, 11
species of reptiles, 299 species of birds and about 80 species of
mammals. There are poisonous animals.
A wide range of ecological
conditions and a rich set of habitats from marsh to semi-desert,
interspersed in the main background of the steppe landscape, provide an
opportunity for the existence of animals with different types of
habitats and ecological requirements for habitat.
Most steppe and
semi-desert animals are inhabitants of open spaces. Among mammals,
representatives of the order of rodents are the most diverse and
numerous. Typical representatives of the steppe fauna are the small
ground squirrel, the speckled ground squirrel, the common mole vole, the
common vole, the steppe mouse, the large jerboa, the steppe lemming, as
well as the European hare (the only representative of the order of
lagomorphs), eared hedgehog and shrews (neg. Insectivores). The life of
almost all steppe predators is connected with the builders of holes -
the steppe polecat, fox, corsac.
Some species of mammals live
only in part of the territory of the region. So the Volga is the western
border of the range of the white-bellied shrew, the yellow ground
squirrel. Small groups of saigas sometimes enter the region from the
south and east.
Of the birds, typical inhabitants of open spaces
are larks (field and steppe), diurnal birds of prey (falcon, common
kestrel, black kite, long-legged buzzard, steppe eagle, etc.),
galliformes (grey partridge and quail), crane-like birds (demon crane),
bustards (bustard, little bustard). Of the reptiles, the most common are
the agile lizard, the multicolored foot-and-mouth disease, and snakes;
ubiquitous, although more rare, steppe viper; of invertebrates -
centipedes, spiders, gamasid and shell mites, beetles, bugs, orthoptera,
etc.
The fauna of forests and artificial forest plantations is
much richer and more diverse. However, due to the fact that the area
occupied by forests is relatively small, the number of most forest
animals is small. Of the mammals, the typical inhabitants of the forests
are the Eastern European hedgehog, shrew - small shrew, forest dormouse,
baby mouse, raccoon dog, forest polecat, forest and field mice, bats,
common boar and elk; from birds - woodpeckers, shrikes, thrushes,
warblers, flycatchers, tits, owls, owls, etc.
The reservoirs of
the region and their coasts are characterized by a large species
diversity of fauna, high productivity and the presence of a significant
number of rare species. Of the mammals in water bodies, 6 species are
found (beaver, muskrat, muskrat, water vole, water shrew and mink),
although the degree of their adaptation to living in water is different.
The last three species spend most of their time outside water bodies.
With the exception of the muskrat and mink, which are found almost
everywhere (albeit in small numbers), the rest of the aquatic mammals
have a local distribution.
Significant role in the functioning of
aquatic and near-water ecosystems is played by limnophilous birds, which
make up more than 30% of the total number of birds found in the region.
More often than others, water bodies are inhabited by river ducks -
mallard, teal, and from diving ducks - red-headed and white-eyed. Grebes
(large and gray-cheeked), storks (grey heron, night heron, bittern) are
also found everywhere. Of the amphibians, the most common inhabitant of
water bodies is the lake frog, of reptiles, the marsh turtle and snakes
(ordinary and water).
The ichthyofauna of reservoirs is rich and
diverse, which includes 78 species belonging to 15 orders, among which
cyprinids, which make up a significant part of fish catches, are
distinguished by the greatest species diversity. In the reservoirs of
the Don basin, there are such valuable species of fish as the Don
sterlet, sabrefish, fish, blue bream; in the Volga basin - Russian
sturgeon, beluga, sterlet, stellate sturgeon, Volga herring, white
salmon. The most common species are the Black Sea-Caspian sprat (the
most numerous fish in the Volgograd region), bleak, silver bream, silver
carp, sandpiper, bream, river perch and mustard. The ichthyofauna of the
region includes a number of species acclimatized and introduced through
irrigation canals from other basins (white carp, bigmouth and white
carp, largemouth buffalo, paddlefish, pilengas, etc.).
The
composition of the fauna of aquatic invertebrates is especially rich and
includes more than 1200 species belonging to 19 classes and more than 60
orders. The overwhelming majority of the fauna are species common to the
fresh waters of the European part of Russia (leeches; bivalves and
gastropods; cladocerans and copepods, mysids, amphipods, crayfish;
dragonfly and chironomid larvae; water bugs-rowers, smoothies (bugs),
water striders; water beetles, water-loving, swimmers, phalaropes,
whirlwinds).
Fishing and hunting are the most important forms of
nature management. In the reservoirs of the Volgograd region, about 30
species of fish are caught; the main objects of fishing are bream,
silver bream, silver carp, roach, silver carp, pike perch, blue bream,
carp, sabrefish, catfish, pike, asp.
The total area of hunting
grounds in the region is about 1 million 172 thousand hectares. The
extraction of game animals is planned on the basis of data on the number
with the calculation of the preservation of the livestock necessary for
the expansion of reproduction. More than 20 species belong to hunting
animals. The main objects of fishing are the hare, fox, muskrat, corsac,
wild boar, teal, diving, coot, gray goose.
Plowing of land,
radical changes in the hydrographic network, deforestation, road
construction, unregulated fishing and poaching, as well as increasing
recreational pressure significantly change the living conditions of many
animal species. One of the generally accepted forms of biodiversity
protection is the listing of species in the Red Books. As of January 1,
2004, 134 species of animals are listed in the Red Book of the Volgograd
Region.
At the beginning of 2010, there were 37 specially protected natural
areas in the Volgograd region. At the same time, as experts note,
another 55 objects are candidates for inclusion in the list. The status
of these objects is determined by the Law of the Volgograd Region "On
Specially Protected Territories of the Volgograd Region".
7
natural parks have been created in the Volgograd region: Volga-Akhtuba
floodplain, Donskoy, Nizhnekhopersky, Ust-Medveditsky, Tsimlyansky
sands, Shcherbakovsky, Eltonsky.
Also, the following hunting
reserves have been created in the region: Zadonsky, Kulaninsky,
Kumylzhensky, Leshchevsky, Olkhovsky, Razdorsky. Of course, many
residents of the region would like that environmental protection
activities in the region would develop well and other protected areas
would appear on the territory of the region, including national parks,
for example, and possibly nature reserves, ecoducts would be erected
over roads and railways.
Head of the Administration of the Volgograd Region,
The Volgograd
Regional Duma is the highest legislative (representative) body.
In
2002-2005, a project was implemented in the Volgograd Region to create a
"Control and Data Transmission Network for the Volgograd Region"
(SUiPD). All district administrations are connected to a single local
area network of the regional administration.
The official body
for the publication of normative legal acts of state authorities is the
newspaper "Volgogradskaya Pravda".
The Volgograd region was one of the most economically developed regions of Russia with a balanced economic structure. Diversified agriculture was combined with a diverse industry, oil and gas reserves. Two largest navigable rivers flow through the territory of the region, connected by the Volga-Don Canal named after V.I. IN AND. Lenin. The Volzhskaya HPP is located on the territory of the region.
Main industries: mechanical engineering and metalworking (production
of tractors, ships, tower cranes, bearings, equipment for the oil
industry, electrical and food industries; production of drilling,
transport and storage, medical, commercial equipment); fuel (oil and gas
extraction), oil refining, chemical, petrochemical (including the
production of caustic soda, chemical fiber), ferrous and non-ferrous
metallurgy. The production of building materials, as well as the
textile, woodworking, and food industries are well developed in the
region. The Volgograd region is a monopolist in Russia in the production
of 11 types of industrial products, including certain types of bearings,
sulfur dioxide, polyurethane threads, and gas pipes.
The
metallurgical complex of the Volgograd region is part of the Russian
metallurgical industry. Represented by the following industries and
enterprises. Ferrous metallurgy: the Krasny Oktyabr plant in Volgograd
and the Frolovsky electric steel-smelting plant, which specialize in the
production of high-quality steel and rolled products. Pipe industry:
Volzhsky Pipe Plant and Volgograd Plant of Small Diameter Electric
Welded Pipes. Non-ferrous metallurgy: Volgograd aluminum plant.
As of the beginning of 2020, 19 power plants with a total capacity of 4084.8 MW were operated in the Volgograd Region, including two hydroelectric power plants, one solar power plant and 15 thermal power plants. In 2019, they produced 16,818.6 million kWh of electricity.
The light industry in the region is represented by 207 enterprises, among which the largest ones are: Kamyshinsky Cotton Mill (cotton sub-sector), on the basis of which several production facilities have been created, Tsaritsynskaya United Manufactory LLC (sewing), Uryupinsky Knitwear LLC, AORA CJSC (knitwear) , CJSC PO Shoe Factory (shoes), OJSC SOFT (leather and haberdashery), CJSC Fakel and LLC Svetloyarskaya Wool (fur). Enterprises are located unevenly in the region: the textile industry is concentrated in Kamyshin, knitwear - in Uryupinsk and Volgograd, primary processing of wool - in the Svetloyarsky district. In Volgograd, enterprises of the clothing, footwear, leather goods industry and the production of hats also operate. The dominant position in the structure of marketable products belongs to the products of the textile industry - up to 80% of the total cost of marketable products.
In the Volgograd region there is a large-scale production of
high-quality grain, corn, cereals, oilseeds and vegetable oil,
vegetables, fruits, melons.
In the Volgograd region, the yield of
vegetables grown in the open field is high, and in terms of the total
gross harvest of vegetables in the open field, the region is second only
to Dagestan and the Astrakhan region.
Volgograd region is the
main region of Russia for the cultivation of onions. On an industrial
basis, it is cultivated using drip irrigation. The gross onion harvest
in 2021 in the region amounted to 365.7 thousand tons (34.6% of the
Russian harvest). During the year, production decreased by 2.5% (by 9.4
thousand tons).
The Volgograd region is the leader in the
cultivation of cucumbers in the open field, with a share of 35.0% (28.2
thousand tons) of the total harvest in Russia in 2021. In comparison
with the previous year, production increased by 29.0% (by 6.34 thousand
tons).
In 2021, a record was set for corn crops - the area of
fields for the first time exceeded 104 thousand hectares. The largest
areas under corn are in the Uryupinsk, Novonikolaevsky, Novoanninsky,
Alekseevsky, Nekhaevsky and Kikvidzensky districts.
The Volgograd region has a high potential of natural resources for the development of a mineral resource base based on various minerals concentrated in the depths: hydrocarbon raw materials (oil, condensate, gas), chemical raw materials (potassium, magnesium, sodium salts, phosphorites) and cement raw materials for the metallurgical industry ( molding sands), building materials industry (carbonate rocks and sandstones for the production of crushed stone and rubble stone, sands and clays for various purposes), iron ores, non-ferrous and rare metals (titanium-zirconium placers), etc. Significant groundwater reserves, including number of minerals.
Born in the region:
Anikushkin, Fedor Georgievich (1901-1976) -
Soviet military leader, Major General of Tank Forces (1942).
Begichev, Nikifor Alekseevich (1874-1927) - a polar explorer from the
city of Tsarev.
Vystropov, Andrei Petrovich (1961) - Soviet and
Russian artist, painter, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation.
Greshnov, Alexander Kapitonovich (1909-1991) - Soviet statesman. Major
General of the Engineering and Construction Service (1965). Hero of
Socialist Labor.
Gromadin Mikhail Stepanovich (1899-1962) - Colonel
General, Air Defense Commander of the USSR (1942).
Zaichenko, Pyotr
Petrovich (1943-2019) - Soviet and Russian theater and film actor.
Honored Artist of Russia (1998).
Isinbaeva, Elena Gadzhievna (1982) -
Russian athlete, two-time Olympic champion.
Kaledin, Alexei
Maksimovich (1861-1918) - Russian military leader, cavalry general,
leader of the White movement.
Karizhsky, Grigory Ivanovich
(1895-1971) - Soviet military leader, Major General (October 1, 1942).
Kibalnikov, Alexander Pavlovich (1912-1987) - Soviet sculptor, winner of
two Stalin Prizes. The author of the memorial "Brest Hero Fortress" and
many monuments.
Krainyukov, Konstantin Vasilievich (1902-1975) -
political worker of the Soviet Armed Forces, Colonel General.
Kryukov, Fedor Dmitrievich (1870-1920) - Don Cossack, Russian writer.
Kryuchkov, Vladimir Alexandrovich (1924-2007) - Soviet statesman, in
1988-1991. Chairman of the KGB of the USSR.
Lapikov, Ivan
Gerasimovich (1922-1993) - theater and film actor, People's Artist of
the USSR (1982).
Mambetov, Azerbaijan Madievich (1932-2009) - Kazakh
director, People's Artist of the USSR (1976).
Maresyev, Alexey
Petrovich (1916-2001) - ace pilot, prototype of the hero of Boris
Polevoy's story "The Tale of a Real Man", from the city of Kamyshin,
Hero of the Soviet Union (1943).
Martynov, Evgeny Grigorievich
(1948-1990) - singer and composer.
Mashkov, Ilya Ivanovich
(1881-1944) - Russian artist, one of the founders of the art association
"Jack of Diamonds".
Migulya, Vladimir Georgievich (1945-1996) -
Soviet and Russian singer and composer.
Mironov, Philip Kuzmich
(1872-1921) - Don Cossack, Soviet military leader, commander of the 2nd
Cavalry Army.
Mordovtsev, Daniil Lukich (1830-1905) - writer, author
of popular historical novels.
Nazarov, Anatoly Mikhailovich (general)
(1876-1918) - marching, and then military ataman of the Don Cossack
army.
Nedorubov, Konstantin Iosifovich (1889-1978) - Hero of the
Soviet Union, full Knight of St. George.
Nekrasov, Ignat Fedorovich
(1660-1737) - Don ataman, one of the active participants in the Bulavin
uprising.
Oleksenko, Stepan Stepanovich (1941-2006) - theater and
film actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1991).
Pankratov, Denis
Vladimirovich (1974) - Russian swimmer, butterfly swimming specialist,
now a sports journalist, TV commentator and TV presenter. Two-time
Olympic champion, world champion, multiple European champion. Honored
Master of Sports of Russia.
Pakhmutova, Alexandra Nikolaevna (1929) -
Soviet and Russian composer, author of over 400 songs, People's Artist
of the USSR (1984).
Povetkin, Vladimir Ivanovich (1943-2010) -
musicologist and restorer.
Podtyolkov, Fedor Grigorievich (1886-1918)
- one of the leaders of the revolutionary Cossacks on the Don during the
Civil War.
Popov, Markian Mikhailovich (1902-1969) - Army General,
Hero of the Soviet Union.
Pugachev, Emelyan Ivanovich (1742-1775) -
Don Cossack, leader of the Peasants' War of 1773-1775.
Razin, Stepan
Timofeevich (c. 1630-1671) - Don ataman, leader of the uprising of
1670-1671
Samokhin, Mikhail Ivanovich (1902-1998) - Soviet military
leader, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Slyshkin, Afanasy Nikitovich
(1893-1969) - Soviet military leader, Major General (1942).
Shtemenko, Sergei Matveyevich (1907-1976) - Soviet military leader,
chief of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces (1948-1952), head of
the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the USSR Armed
Forces (1956-1957), army general