Bryansk is a city of regional significance in Russia, the
administrative center of the Bryansk region and the Bryansk region
of the Russian Federation. The city of Bryansk forms a municipal
formation with the status of an urban district.
It is located
on the western edge of the Central Russian upland, on both banks of
the Desna River at the confluence of Bolva and Snezheti. Population:
373,310(2024).
On March 25, 2010, by decree of the President
of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev, Bryansk was awarded the
honorary title "City of Military Glory".
Administratively, the city is divided into four districts:
Bezhitsky
Volodarsky,
Sovetsky - Soviet
Fokinsky
Until
1956, Bezhitsky district was an independent city of Bezhitsy. It
partially preserved buildings of the beginning of the XX century in
the Art Nouveau style.
Theaters, cinemas, concert halls
Bryansk Regional Drama
Theater named after A. K. Tolstoy.
Bryansk Regional Theater for
Young Spectators.
Bryansk Regional Puppet Theater.
The city
children's and Youth Theater "Adults and Children".
Orpheus
Children's Musical Theater.
The concert hall of the regional
philharmonic "Druzhba".
The concert hall of the BMZ Palace of
Culture.
5 cinemas, of which 2 are municipal: Salyut (Volodarsky
district), Pobeda (Bezhitsky district), Panorama (BOOM City shopping
center and Aero Park shopping center), Rai Park (Melnitsa shopping
center).
The circus has 1,945 seats.
The planetarium.
Museums
Bryansk State United Museum of Local Lore:
Bryansk
Museum of Local Lore;
Museum of the History of the partisan
movement in the Bryansk region (Memorial complex "Partizanskaya
Polyana");
Bryansk Literary Museum[69].
Bryansk Regional Art
Museum and Exhibition Center:
Museum of the Tkachev Brothers.
The Bryansk Forest Museum is the first professional forest museum in
Russia. It burned down on the night of March 8, 2009.
The Tolstoy
Park Museum is a decorative park ensemble of wooden sculpture.
D.
N. Medvedev Memorial Museum.
Exhibitions
The city
exhibition hall. It was opened in January 1966 as an art gallery
Other
The Mound of Immortality;
Partizan Square;
the
historical place of Chashin Kurgan;
historical place Pokrovskaya
Gora;
Promenade
Lenin Square
Karl Marx Square
Gagarin
Boulevard
Bryansk Regional Drama Theater named after A. K.
Tolstoy
See also: List of monuments of Bryansk, List of
architectural monuments of Bryansk and List of temples of Bryansk
There are many crumbling architectural monuments in the city.
Citizens of the city are trying to draw the attention of the
authorities to the problem in various ways
Planetarium.
Circus. Circus for 1945 places.
Museums
Park Museum them. A.K. Tolstoy. In the park under the open sky there
are several dozen wooden sculptures, including a wooden fountain.
Bryansk Museum of Regional Studies, Partizan Square, 6.
Bryansk
Literary Museum.
Museum of the Tkachev brothers.
Memorial
Museum D. N. Medvedev.
Theaters
Bryansk Regional Drama
Theater named after A. Tolstoy, ul. Fokina, d. 26. ☎ +7 (4832)
74-39-38. The oldest theater of the Bryansk region, founded in 1926.
Bryansk regional theater of the young spectator, st. Gorky, 20. ☎ +7
(4832) 74-23-49.
Bryansk Regional Puppet Theater.
City
Children's and Youth Theater "Adults and Children."
Children's
Music Theater "Orpheus".
Cinemas
Cinema "Salute".
Cinema "Victory"-"Pobeda".
Cinema "Panorama" (SEC BOOM City).
Cinema «Cinema Club» (Timoskovyh shopping center).
Cinema
"Paradise Park" (SEC "Mill").
Cinema "Luxor" (SEC "Aero Park").
Concert halls
Concert Hall of the Regional Philharmonic
"Friendship".
Concert Hall of the Palace of Culture BMZ.
By plane
Direct flights to St. Petersburg (3 flights per week)
and Simferopol (1 flight per week and only in summer).
1
Bryansk Airport (IATA: BZK) , Oktyabrskoye village, Aviatorov str.,
1. ☎ +7 (4832) 64-44-20.
How to get there: located 10 km
southwest of the city. You can get there by bus No. 132B, but only 6
flights a day.
By train
From Moscow from Kievsky railway
station on the direct branded train "Ivan Paristy" or on trains
transiting through Bryansk to Novozybkov, Klimov or in Belarus.
Travel time is from 4 to 8 hours.
2 Bryansk-Orlovsky (Bryansk
I). The main passenger railway station of the city. Trains run
through the station in the direction of the following cities: St.
Petersburg, Kaluga, Moscow, Kiev, as well as Brest, Gomel.
3
Bryansk-Lgovsky (Bryansk II). You can get there by buses No. 13,
103 and minibuses heading towards the Kovshovka microdistrict.
By bus
There are bus connections to Belgorod (1 flight daily,
10 hours), Gomel (2 flights, 6 hours), Kaluga (3 flights, 5h 30
min), Kursk (3 flights, 5h 30 min), Moscow (6 flights, 7-8 hours),
Novozybkov (about 10 flights, 4 hours), Oryol (about 10 flights, 3
hours), Tula (1 flight, 8 hours 20 minutes).
4 Bus station,
Peresvet str., 1A. ☎ +7 (4832) 41-43-20, +7 (4832) 41-96-04, +7
(4832) 41-72-23.
5 Bus station in Bezhitsa, Ulyanova str., 56A.
☎ +7 (4832) 51-42-20.
By car
From Moscow via the M3
Ukraine federal highway.
Cheaply
Recreation rooms, Bryansk-Orlovsky Railway Station u 24.
Rooms for different number of seats. There are both with and without
amenities. You can save money by staying for less than 12 hours.
Average cost
Hotel "V gostiny", Krasnoarmeyskaya str., 71. ☎ +7
(4832) 58-62-72. From 2,300 rubles. 1 Bryansk Hotel, Lenin Ave., 100. ☎
+7 (4832) 32-22-10. Single room from 1800 rubles, double room from 2000
rubles.
The city was first mentioned in the Ipatiev chronicle as Debryansk in 1146, later in the Voskresenskaya, Laurentian, Trinity chronicles and other sources. The name of the city of Bryansk, apparently, came from the Old Russian word Dyansk, formed from the word dybr. The Old Russian word wild / wild means a mountain slope, gorge, moat, valley or lowland overgrown with dense forest and shrubs. According to the law of the fall of weak eras, the gap between d and b fell out, and the complex combination of db was simplified to b. According to the assessment of V. A. Nikonov, the etymology of the toponym remains unclear, since until the end of the XII century the city was called Bryn and it is unclear which form is more primary: Bryn or Dyansk. The falling off of the initial d is possible, but does not represent a phonetic law.
The exact date of the foundation of Bryansk is unknown.
Archaeological data obtained during the excavations of the old
settlement on Chashin Kurgan in 1976-1979 indicate that the city on
the territory of present-day Bryansk arose in the last quarter of
the 10th century. Based on these data, the conditional year of the
foundation of Bryansk is considered to be 985. The dense Bryansk
forests have long separated the Dnieper hearth of Russian
civilization from the so-called Zalesie. It was only under the
Kievan Prince Vladimir Monomakh that a "straight-through road" was
laid through them, which contributed to the strengthening of the
Slavic colonization of Northeastern Russia.
In the XIII
century (perhaps after the attack of the Mongol-Tatars), the city
was moved from the Bowl of the kurgan to Pokrovskaya Mountain, where
the Bryansk Kremlin was built.
Ancient Bryansk was part of
the Chernigov Principality. After the destruction of Chernigov,
Novgorod-Seversky and other cities of the Chernigov Principality by
the Mongols in 1239, the center of the diocese and the capital of
the principality moved to the surviving Bryansk in 1246. Thus, the
Bryansk Principality was formed. His first prince was Roman
Mikhailovich, whose heir was to be his son Oleg. However, after the
latter's monastic tonsure, Bryansk was unexpectedly transferred to
the Smolensk princes according to the khan's label. This is how the
Golden Horde prevented the excessive strengthening of the Chernihiv
land.Bryansk was for some time a key point on the way from
Southwestern Russia to Northeastern Russia: in 1299, Metropolitan
Maxim moved there from Kiev with an intermediate stay in Bryansk. In
1310, the city was devastated by the Tatars, led by Prince Vasily
Alexandrovich against his uncle Svyatoslav Glebovich.
In
1356, Lithuanian Prince Algirdas annexed Bryansk to the Grand Duchy
of Lithuania. In 1408, during the first Stand on the Ugra, Bryansk
was briefly occupied by a Tatar detachment in the service of the
Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily I. In 1500, the city was taken without a
fight by the troops of Ivan III and annexed to the Russian state. At
the beginning of the XVI century, a new war broke out with
Lithuania, during which Bryansk acted as a stronghold of Russian
forces. For many years Bryansk was a bone of contention between the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian Kingdom. The name of
the city was present in almost every peace treaty.
In 1607,
the city was attacked twice by False Dmitry II. For the first time,
the city was burned down so as not to get to the "thief", by the end
of the same year it was rebuilt almost anew and successfully
withstood the siege by the troops of the impostor. Despite the
constant military threat, the city grew and the population
increased. In 1616, the city's population numbered 497 people, and
in 1622, the voivode Prince Dolgorukov wrote that there were already
1069 capable of carrying weapons in the city.
Since the 17th
century, Bryansk has been at the crossroads of the most important
trade routes connecting Kiev with Moscow; since that time, the rapid
development of trade began. Under Peter I, the city was
re-fortified. The Bryansk shipyard was laid on the Desna, where the
ships of the Bryansk flotilla were built for the campaign against
Turkey. In 1783, the Bryansk Arsenal was founded to manufacture
siege and field artillery. In 1709, the city became part of the Kiev
province, since 1727 it was transferred to the Belgorod province as
part of the Sevsk province, and since 1778 it entered the newly
formed Oryol governorate (since 1796 — the province). In the 19th
century, Bryansk became the center of the so-called Bryansk
industrial district; in 1873, the Joint-Stock Company of the Bryansk
Rail Rolling, Iron-making and Mechanical Plants appeared, in the
last quarter of the 19th century, a large railway junction was
formed near Bryansk.
In October 1919, the Drozdov division
fought for Bryansk with the Red Army, trying to capture the city. On
November 5, the Drozdovites withdrew from Bryansk.
In
1920-1929 it was the center of the Bryansk province, since 1930 it
has been part of the Western Region.
During the Great
Patriotic War, a large grouping of Red Army troops was located near
Bryansk. During the Battle of Bryansk, Wehrmacht soldiers managed to
surround and capture the million-strong army of the Soviet Union. On
October 6, 1941, the city was occupied by German troops. The front
had fallen, and the road to Moscow was open. Partisan detachments
totaling up to 60,000 people operated in the Bryansk forests. A
significant part of the civilian population was exterminated (mass
graves in Forest Sheds, concentration camp No. 142 in Radica).
On September 17, 1943, Bryansk was liberated by Soviet troops.
Currently, this date is celebrated as the City Day.
On July
5, 1944, the Bryansk Region was established; Bryansk became its
administrative center.
In 1950, the working settlement of
Uritsky and the village of Karachizh were incorporated into Bryansk,
and in 1956 — the city of Bezhitsa.
On December 7, 2023, an
attack on Gymnasium No. 5 took place in Bryansk. Two people were
killed in the incident, including the attacker; five were injured.
The incident caused a significant public outcry.
Bryansk is located in the Moscow Time zone (Moscow time). The offset of the applied time relative to UTC is +3:00. According to the applicable time and geographical longitude, the average sunny noon in Bryansk begins at 12:43.
The climate is moderately continental. Winter is characterized by unstable weather: from severe frosts to prolonged thaws, summers are humid and warm, but intense heat is rare.
Heads (mayors) of the city:
Alekhine, Igor Ivanovich from 2006 to
2009
Patov, Nikolai Alexandrovich since 2009
Kovalev, Alexander
Yakovlevich
Khlimankov, Alexander Anatolyevich October 1, 2014 —
September 27, 2019
from 09/26/2019 — Marina Valentinovna Dbar
In 2009, for manufacturing enterprises, the volume of shipped goods
of their own production, completed works and services on their own
amounted to 28.33 billion rubles.
Large enterprises
Bryansk
Machine-building Plant;
Bezhitsky Steel Mill;
Bryansk Automobile
Plant. It was founded on June 4, 1958 as the Bryansk factory of wheeled
tractors;
Irmash (road construction, earthmoving equipment);
Bryanskselmash;
Thermotron Plant (railway equipment, lifting and
transport equipment);
Bryansk arsenal (road construction equipment).
It was founded on January 12, 1783 as the Arsenal factory;
Bryansk
Tractor Plant;
Bryansk experimental plant for the repair of diesel
cars;
Bryansk Chemical Plant named after A. I. Poddubny;
CJSC
Silicon EL Group (integrated circuits, semiconductor devices);
NPF
"Electroapparat" (radio measuring devices, electrical equipment, not
currently available);
Bryansk Electromechanical Plant;
Bryanskprombeton;
Bryansk plant of thermal insulation materials;
Bryansk paper Mill (village of Belye Berega);
Bryansk Worsted Mill;
Bryanskspirtprom;
Bryanskgiprosem
Bryankonfi (confectionery);
Bezhitsky Food Processing Plant;
JSC Bryanskpivo;
Melkruck (flour,
cereals, pasta, malt);
"Chicken Kingdom", as part of JSC Cherkizovo
Group, poultry meat processing;
Bryansk dairy plant. Launched on July
22, 1958
Bryansk meat processing plant;
Tsar-meat, Bryansk meat
processing plant;
JSC Research Institute "Isotherm";
JSC
Niipineftegazstroymash;
Transneft Druzhba NovoTehRail JSC
(based
on the Novozybkovsky Machine-Building Plant)
Junction of federal highways: M3 Moscow — Kiev, A240 Bryansk —
Novozybkov — border with Belarus, P120 Orel — Roslavl — Rudnya.
Bryansk is a major railway hub: there are lines to Moscow, Kiev,
Kharkov, Gomel, Smolensk, Orel and Vyazma, through which passenger and
cargo transportation is carried out. There are railway stations in the
city: Bryansk-Orlovsky and Bryansk-Lgovsky (Bryansk-I and Bryansk-II,
respectively), Ordzhonikidzegrad station. On May 26, 2013, a daytime
sedentary fast train with a Moscow— Bryansk connection was launched.
The central bus station is located on Peresvet Street; there is also
a bus station in Bejica. Bryansk International Airport is located 14
kilometers southwest of the city.
The Druzhba oil pipeline runs
through Bryansk, the Dashava — Moscow and Shebelinka — Moscow gas
pipelines (with a branch to Gomel).
Urban public transport
Passenger transportation is carried out by fixed-route taxis (more than
1,400 cars on 54 permanent urban routes), trolleybuses on 11 regular
routes (without additional ones; see Bryansk Trolleybus), buses (36
routes), as well as suburban electric trains and motor buses.
MTS — 2G, 3G, 4G
Beeline — 2G, 3G, 4G
MegaFon — 2G, 3G, 4G
Tele2 — 2G, 3G, 4G
Yota — 2G, 3G (based on the MegaFon network), 4G
Tinkoff Mobile 2G, 3G, 4G (based on Tele2 network)
Sberbank Mobile
2G, 3G, 4G (based on Tele2 network)
Broadband Internet access in Bryansk is provided by the following
providers:
Beeline (JSC Vimpel Communications)
TTK (CJSC
TransTeleCom Company)
MTS (JSC Mobile TeleSystems)
Rostelecom
(PJSC Rostelecom)
Skystream (LLC Skystream)
"Дом.ги BCS" (JSC
ER-Telecom Holding)
The municipal education system consists of 187 educational
institutions:
76 secondary schools (including 3 lyceums, 9
gymnasiums);
98 pre-school educational institutions (14,600 pupils);
10 centers and houses of creativity (including the Bryansk Regional
Palace of Children's and Youth Creativity named after Yuri Gagarin);
2 educational and production plants in Bezhitsky and Sovetsky districts
of the city;
municipal educational institution for children in need
of psychological and pedagogical assistance "Bryansk City Center for
Psychological, medical and Social support";
municipal educational
institution "Bryansk city information and methodological center in the
system of additional pedagogical education (advanced training)".
Higher education in 2013 in Bryansk and the Bryansk region was provided
by 5 universities:
Bryansk State Technical University;
Bryansk
State University named after Academician I. G. Petrovsky;
Bryansk
State University of Engineering and Technology;
Bryansk Institute of
Management and Business
Bryansk Agrarian University (Kokino village).
In addition, in 2013, branches of the following universities
operated in Bryansk and the region:
St. Petersburg State University
of Railways of Emperor Alexander I;
Bryansk State University named
after Academician I. G. Petrovsky (branch in Novozybkov);
Plekhanov
Russian University of Economics
Oryol State University named after
I.S. Turgenev (Karachev);
Russian Presidential Academy of National
Economy and Public Administration;
Moscow State University of
Technology and Management named after K.G.Razumovsky (First Cossack
University) (G. Unecha).
Secondary vocational education is
provided by State and non-state institutions:
Bryansk College of
Management and Business;
Bryansk Motor Transport College;
Bryansk
Basic Medical College;
Bryansk College of Physical Education;
Bryansk Cooperative College;
Bryansk Medical and Social College named
after academician N. M. Amosov;
Bryansk Regional College of Arts and
Culture;
Bryansk Regional College of Music and Fine Arts;
Bryansk
Vocational Pedagogical College;
Bryansk College of Civil Engineering
named after Professor N. E. Zhukovsky;
Polytechnic College of Bryansk
State Technical University;
College at Plekhanov Russian University
of Economics.
There are 168 libraries of various departmental
affiliation in the city. The largest is the Bryansk Regional Scientific
Universal Library named after F. I. Tyutchev.
There are four institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of
Russia in the Bryansk region located within the city boundaries.
Pre-trial detention center No. 1 is located in buildings along
Sovetskaya Street in the city of Bryansk. It is listed as an
architectural monument. Regime buildings built in the XVIII, early XX
century. At the end of the eighteenth century, the first buildings
appeared. In 1780, the first building of the prison was built. The
second regime building was built in 1905. The construction workshops and
boiler house were built in 1953. Today, no more than 600 people are kept
here, and some buildings have been renovated.
Maximum Security
Penal Colony No. 1 is geographically located on the isthmus between Lake
Prorva and the Desna River. This institution was established on the
basis of production workshops for wood processing in April 1945. Before
that, German prisoners of war were held here. After the formation of the
colony, both men and women were mixed. The production of furniture and
consumer goods was established. Currently, 1,400 convicted men are being
held here. The assembly of funeral goods, metalworking has been
established, and a woodworking site is operating.
The
high-security penal colony No. 2 is located in the Fokinsky district of
the regional center, on Kotovsky Street. In 1961, there was nothing but
old vegetable warehouses on the site allocated for the territory of the
institution. 550 convicts had to be accommodated promptly. Quickly,
within a year, two dormitories, a bath and laundry complex, a checkpoint
with a meeting room, and a boiler room were built. Metal products (pipe
cutters, pipe clamps) were made here. During the entire existence of the
colony, the regimes have changed several times. Since 2007, it has been
a high-security colony, on the territory of which the regional prison
hospital is located.
An educational colony for minors in the city
of Bryansk, in which about eighty teenagers are serving their sentences.
It was founded in 1956 and is located in the center of the Sovetsky
district. Children receive education in an evening shift school, and two
vocational schools No. 40 and No. 41 also operate.