Dyatkovo - a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Dyatkovsky district of the Bryansk region. This is the northernmost city of the Bryansk region. Located in the northern part of the region, on the southern slopes of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland, on the small river Oleshne, which flows into Bolvo.
Far beyond the region, the Dyatkovo Crystal Museum,
opened in 1976, is famous, where, in addition to a large number of
various dishes (made of crystal and colored glass), you can look at
crystal decorative compositions that reach a height of up to 1.5 meters.
Among the exhibits of the museum there is a vase painted with uranium
oxide.
The building of the Crystal Museum also houses the Museum
of Military and Partisan Glory dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.
On Lenin Street - the main street of the city - in 2003 a memorial
temple was built in honor of the icon "Burning Bush". The temple
premises are small, but it is here that the world's only crystal
iconostasis is located, made at the Dyatkovo crystal factory (weight
about 3 tons). Other decorations of the temple were also made of
crystal. One of the authors is E. I. Volnova. A church with a crystal
iconostasis existed in the village of Dyatkovo back in the 19th century,
but after the destruction of the Transfiguration Church, the crystal
iconostasis was lost.
Near the House of Culture, designed by the
Bryansk architect Yevgeny Skachkov, a square of Partisan Glory was laid
out.
Near the former SPTU-14 there is a Square of Courage. The
memorial immortalized the memory of the heroes of the Great Patriotic
War and military operations in Afghanistan and Chechnya, as well as the
liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. The square of
Courage was opened on September 26, 2012.
Not far from the city
of Dyatkovo in the tract "Loban" there is a memorial "Partizanskaya
Polyana". An obelisk was erected on the territory of the memorial, 3
dugouts and a partisan spring were preserved.
In the forest, in
the area of Hospital Lake, there is a source of "Three Wells". In the
south of the city there is a source "White Well" with a landscaped area
and a font.
The current Orthodox parishes of the city belong to
the Bryansk and Sevsk diocese of the Bryansk Metropolis of the Russian
Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). The main Orthodox centers of the
city are the memorial church in honor of the Burning Bush icon, the
Transfiguration Church and the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh.
The Church of Evangelical Christian Baptists operates, the temple is
located on Khrustalnaya Street. The parishioners of the church believe
that they take an active part in the life of the city.
Four secondary schools, the City Gymnasium, the Dyatkovo Industrial College, the Dyatkovo Cadet School named after the Hero of the Soviet Union I. A. Kashin.
Dyatkovo is the northernmost city of the Bryansk
region, located in the northern part of the region, on the southern
slopes of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland, on the small river Oleshna, which
flows into the Bolva.
Climate
The climate of the city is
temperate continental, with a pronounced seasonality. The coldest months
are January and February. Severe winters are rare, the winter is
moderately frosty, with constant snow cover and regular thaws. Snow
cover usually sets in at the end of November and disappears completely
by the end of March - beginning of April. Summer is moderately hot, it
begins in May, usually in the middle of the month and lasts until early
September. The warmest month is July.
The village of Dyatkovo has been known since 1626, since 1810 it
has been a village. Since 1924 - an urban-type settlement, since
1938 - a city.
In the local history literature, one can find
many versions of the origin of the name of the city, the most
probable - from the word "uncle".
The first written mention
of the village of Dyatkovo is contained in the cadastral book of
local and patrimonial lands of the Bryansk district of 1626-1629,
compiled by Prince Peter Zvenigorodsky and clerk Kovelin: “... The
village of Dyatkovo on the Shumovetka River, and there are peasants
in it: the courtyard of Andryushka and Ivashka Ivanov’s children of
Vashutin , yes, their nephew Ivashko Fedorov son; the courtyard of
Demidko and Mikheiko Ignatov, and Vaska Mishukov lives with them;
the yard of Fedka Istomin with Savko Fedorov, and bobs; the
courtyard Neustroyka Sazonov with Ogapk Stepanov; the yard is empty
of Demidko Ignatov, and Demidko fled without a trace ... ".
The village of Dyatkovo was part of the Foshnenskaya
(Khvoshnenskaya) volost of the Bryansk district. (now the village of
Foshnya, Zhukovsky district). In terms of size, the village, for
that time, was considered average and belonged to the Nebolsin
landowners.
The development of the settlement is associated
with the founding of a crystal factory: in 1785, after the death of
Akim Vasilyevich Maltsov, his widow Marya Vasilievna bought the
Raditskaya and Karachevskaya factories from Evdokia, the widow of
Alexander Vasilyevich Maltsov, and decided to expand production. In
1790, in the forest near the village of Dyatkovo, Marya Maltsova
built the famous glass and crystal factory, the production of which
already in 1796 was not inferior to the products of the Gusevsky
factory. The village of Dyatkovo soon merged with the working
settlement of the plant.
In 1798, the enterprise was
transferred to Ivan Akimovich Maltsov, under which an entire
industrial empire was created with a center in Dyatkovo. The
father's work in 1853 was continued by his son Sergei. About 100
thousand people worked in the Maltsovsky factory district on the
lands of the Kaluga, Oryol and Smolensk provinces, producing
mechanisms of all kinds, building materials, furniture, agricultural
products, etc. versts and its own shipping system. For the
maintenance and development of his possessions, Sergei Ivanovich
Maltsov in 1875 established the Maltsovsky industrial and commercial
partnership with a board in Dyatkovo.
The landmark of
Dyatkovo was the Transfiguration Church, opened in 1810, after which
the village of Dyatkovo became known as a village. The painting in
the cathedral was made in the Italian style, the iconostasis was
made of crystal, all the candlesticks in front of local icons, the
covers over the shroud and thrones were crystal, and the chandelier
was also crystal.
Thanks to the crystal factory, in the 19th
century Dyatkovo became the largest village in the Bryansk district
(since 1861 it has been a volost center).
In 1918, all the
factories and factories of the Maltsovs were nationalized, and the
trust "State Maltsovsky Factory District" was created with a center
in Dyatkovo.
From the second half of 1922, growth began at
the district's enterprises. After the equipment was repaired, the
Dyatkovo Crystal Plant started working again.
By 1926, part
of the Maltsovskaya narrow-gauge railway Bryansk - Dyatkovo was
rebuilt to a broad gauge.
In 1926, a woodworking plant was
built in Dyatkovo.
In 1929, about 10% of the window glass
produced in the USSR was produced in the Dyatkovo region.
In
September 1930, the Dyatkovo Glass-Ceramic Technical School
(Dyatkovo Industrial College) was established on the basis of the
II-level school with a chemical bias. Starting from 1936, the
technical school produced annually 150 specialists.
In 1938,
the village of Dyatkovo was transformed into a city.
Dyatkovo
in the war and post-war years
During the Great Patriotic War,
Dyatkovo became an active center of partisan struggle, which made it
possible to temporarily restore Soviet power in the city and the
region. On February 14, 1942, the Red Army and a combined partisan
detachment occupied the city of Dyatkovo, thus, behind enemy lines,
throughout the territory of the Dyatkovo region, Soviet power was
restored. The territory liberated from the Germans became known as
the Soviet District, which lasted until June 6, 1942. In Soviet
newspapers, Dyatkovo in 1942 received a second name - Partizansk.
On September 15, 1943, the city of Dyatkovo was liberated by the
Red Army. On September 16, 1943, the Bytosh partisan brigade in the
village of Ivotok met with the 17th Infantry Division of the 3rd
Army of the Bryansk Front, thereby completing the liberation of the
entire Dyatkovo region.
The damage caused by the occupation
to the economy of Dyatkovo and the Dyatkovo region was estimated at
400 million rubles. Of the 1884 pre-war buildings in the city, only
690 survived; of the 17,000 inhabitants in Dyatkovo, only a few
people remained. The Dyatkovo Crystal Factory was completely
destroyed. 19,848 residents of the Dyatkovo district were driven
away to hard labor in Germany by the invaders.
In the region,
25,783 residential buildings, nine brick factories, one tile
factory, six grain mills, two mechanical, two windmills and ten
watermills, 102 cattle yards were burned. 95 stables. More than
three thousand heads of cattle, up to five thousand pigs, up to
three and a half thousand horses were captured.
The revival
of life in the city began with the restoration of the crystal
factory. In December 1945, a 16-pot glass furnace was put into
operation.
Since 1946, the Dyatkovo woodworking plant (later
OAO Dyatkovo-DOZ) began to produce standard houses, and since 1960,
furniture.
In 1956, the House of Culture of Crystalmakers was
built.
In 1959, natural gas came to the city.
Since
the late 1950s, a large enterprise began to work - a plant of
electrovacuum devices.
In the 1960s, the construction of
apartment buildings on Mira Street began, and in the mid-1970s, the
first houses grew in the new residential 12th microdistrict.
In 1963, the city of Dyatkovo became a city of regional
subordination. The cities of regional significance were subordinated
to nearby cities and towns of industrial importance.
On July
31, 1976, the first visitors were received by the Crystal Museum of
the Dyatkovo Crystal Factory, which very soon became one of the most
popular attractions in the Bryansk region.
In 1983, in
connection with the 40th anniversary of the liberation from the Nazi
invaders, the city of Dyatkovo was awarded the Order of the
Patriotic War of the 1st degree "For the courage and steadfastness
shown by the working people of the city during the Great Patriotic
War and for the successes achieved in economic and cultural
construction" .
In 1990, after a break of more than 60 years,
the newly built Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was
opened in Dyatkovo. In 1994, a symbolic reburial of the ashes of the
Maltsov family, the founders of the industrial industry of our
region, was carried out near its walls. This place is marked with an
oak cross. The inscription on the commemorative tablet reads: "Your
labors are not forgotten by descendants."
In 2001, the
Regulations on separate structural subdivisions of the
administration of the city of Dyatkovo and the Dyatkovo district
were approved.
In 2003, the consecration of the
temple-monument "Burning Bush", built in memory of the fallen
soldiers-countrymen, took place. The church has a crystal
iconostasis. The city has again acquired a unique artistic
attraction. Modern masters of crystal dedicated their work to the
memory of the founders of the Maltsov factory and all generations of
Dyatkovo crystal makers.
On April 28, 2011, the city of
Dyatkovo was awarded the honorary title "City of Partisan Glory".
The city has the Dyatkovsky Khrustal plant (produces crystal
products, glassware, souvenirs), Relay JSC (relays, thermostats),
Dyatkovsky Design and Industrial Construction Association JSC
(prefabricated reinforced concrete structures), Dyatkovsky Plant JSC
Lesstroydetal”, LLC “Dyatkovo-DOZ” (furniture) and other enterprises.
Furniture plant "Katyusha" produces furniture under the trademarks
"dmi / Dyatkovo" and Odalia, as well as components for furniture
production.
Food industry. In the vicinity there are deposits of
glass sands and clays.
The city has developed urban public transport: bus, commercial bus,
fixed-route taxi. There are several private taxi firms.
The P68
Bryansk - Dyatkovo - Lyudinovo - Kirov route passes near the city,
through which there is a regular bus service to Bryansk and the main
settlements of the Dyatkovo district. There is a direct bus connection
with Moscow. Since December 26, 2009, the Bryansk-Kaluga-Tula-Ryazan bus
route has been running through Dyatkovo.
Suburban (Bryansk -
Dyatkovo - Fayansovaya) and long-distance trains (No. 076B / 075B Gomel
- Moscow - Gomel) stop at the Dyatkovo railway station of the Moscow
Railway.