Novgorod region is a subject of the Russian Federation. It is located
in the northwest of the European part of the country. The region is part
of the Northwestern Federal District.
The administrative center
is Veliky Novgorod.
The area of the region is the sixth of the
seven regions of the Northwestern Federal District and is 54.5 thousand
km². The length of the territory of the region from west to east is 385
km, and from north to south - 278 km. The Novgorod Region borders on the
Pskov Region in the west and southwest, on the Tver Region in the south
and southeast, on the Leningrad Region in the north and northwest, and
on the Vologda Region in the northeast. Population - 575 867 people.
(2023). In Veliky Novgorod, according to data for 2021, 225 thousand
people live
Formed by decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed
Forces dated July 5, 1944. Historically, the region was preceded by the
Novgorod province, formed in 1727.
The Novgorod region is located between Moscow and St. Petersburg. The federal highways M10 "Russia" (free) and M11 "Neva" (paid) pass through the territory of the region, connecting these megacities.
The region is located in the north-west of the Russian Plain,
occupying the territory of the Priilmenskaya lowland and the northern
spurs of the Valdai Upland.
The western part of the region is
occupied by the heavily swampy Priilmenskaya lowland, in the center of
which is Lake Ilmen, the largest of the lakes in the region.
To
the east, the lowland rises and closes with the Valdai ledge, behind
which lies the Valdai Upland, one of the most beautiful places on the
East European Plain. 52 rivers flow into Lake Ilmen, the largest of them
are Msta, Shelon and Lovat with Polist, one river flows out - Volkhov.
About a thousand rivers flow through the territory of the region,
more than 800 lakes are located. Almost the entire territory of the
Novgorod region lies within the Ilmen-Volkhov basin, a small
northeastern part belongs to the basin of the Mologa, a tributary of the
Volga, and the western part belongs to the upper reaches of the Luga
River.
The territory of the region is divided into two
sub-provinces: southern taiga and mixed forests.
The Novgorod region has a temperate continental cyclonic climate and
is included in the Atlantic-continental region of the temperate zone,
which is characterized by features of both maritime and continental
climates.
The main features of the region's climate and weather
are determined by its geographic location in the northwest, 100–400 km
from the Baltic Sea. The climate is characterized by a moderate amount
of heat, excess moisture, four-season rhythms: cool short summers, long
warm autumns, mild winters with thaws, and cool long springs.
The
main feature of the weather is inconstancy. It is determined by the
nature of the circulation of air masses. The area lies in the area of
western transfer of air masses and active cyclonic activity. The
alternation of cyclones and anticyclones, sea and continental air masses
creates unstable weather, frequent changes of cold and warm weather, dry
weather and weather with precipitation.
The average annual
temperature varies from southwest to northeast from 4.5ºС to 2.5ºС. The
average temperature of the coldest month - January - 8 - 10.5ºС, the
warmest - July +16 - +18ºС. The annual temperature range is 25-27°C.
The absolute minimum temperatures reach -37... -45°C. Absolute
maximums +35... +37°C.
The annual rainfall is 600-800 mm. The
snow cover lies for 120-150 days, its thickness increases from southwest
to northeast from 25 to 50 cm2.
As of 01/01/2019, there are 129 specially protected natural areas in
the Novgorod region with an area of 397 thousand hectares (7.3% of the
total area of the region). The number of protected areas of federal
significance includes the state nature reserve "Rdeisky", the national
park "Valdaisky" and the natural monument "Grove of Academician N. I.
Zheleznov", protected areas of regional significance are represented by
13 state nature reserves (of which 3 are biological, 10 are complex) and
112 natural monuments, protected areas of local importance - 1 natural
monument.
As of November 14, 2022, there are 128 specially
protected natural areas of regional significance (10 state natural
reserves of regional significance, 3 state natural biological reserves
of regional significance, 114 natural monuments of regional
significance, 1 protected natural complex of regional significance) with
a total area of 229,267 .98 hectares (4.21% of the total area of the
region).
The number of protected areas of federal significance
located on the territory of the Novgorod region includes: FGU "State
Nature Reserve "Rdeysky", FGU "National Park "Valdaisky", natural
monument "Grove of Academician N.I. Zheleznov" with a total area of
196,035.3 hectares (3.59% of the total area of the region).
Minerals: deposits of sand, boulder-gravel-sand raw materials, peat,
sapropel, brown coal, refractory and building clay, bauxite, etc. The
region is rich in mineral and radon springs, therapeutic mud (the resort
"Staraya Russa" has been widely known since the 19th century) .
According to the degree of development of drinking underground mineral
waters, the Novgorod region is the main leader in the North-West region.
In recent years, the process of discovering new deposits has been
actively going on. As of January 1, 2019, 196 deposits of solid minerals
have been explored and accounted for by the state balance in the region.
Of these, the following are currently being developed: building
sands and boulder-gravel-sand raw materials - 166, refractory clays - 3,
brick and ceramic clays - 3, quartz-containing glass sands - 2, building
stone - 4, limestones - 3, natural facing stone ( limestone) - 3, out of
641 peat deposits, 9 are being developed, sapropel - 3, therapeutic mud
- 1.
Along with exploited deposits, there are industrial
deposits, the raw materials of which are not used for economic reasons
(combustible shale, bauxite, brown coal, refractory clay, mineral
paints).
The territorial balance of mineral reserves of the
Novgorod region takes into account the reserves of the following types
of minerals: refractory clays, mineral paints, cement raw materials,
kaolins (refractory clays), glass raw materials (quartz sands), sands
for concrete and silicate products, sand and gravel material, carbonate
rocks for firing on lime, carbonate rocks (building stone), natural
facing stones (limestone), brick and tile raw materials (fusible clay),
mineral, drinking and technical underground waters, therapeutic mud,
peat, sapropel.
Non-metallic minerals (refractory clays, glass
sands, building sands and sand and gravel raw materials) are actively
demanded and exploited in the Novgorod region. The region is rich in
mineral and radon springs, therapeutic mud (the resort "Staraya Russa"
has been widely known since the 19th century). According to the degree
of development of drinking underground mineral waters, the Novgorod
region is the main leader in the North-West region. In recent years, the
process of discovering new deposits has been actively going on.
There are 11 deposits of refractory clays with recorded reserves of
145.186 million tons on the territory of Borovichsky, Lyubytinsky and
Okulovsky municipal districts of the Novgorod region. Of these,
Borovichi Refractory Plant JSC is developing the Malinovetskoye and
Okladnevskoye deposits located in the Borovichi municipal district.
Refractory clays are represented by one deposit located in the
Lyubytinsky municipal district, which was discovered in 1949 with a
total recorded reserves of 2387 thousand tons. This deposit is currently
not being developed.
The state balance of stocks of glass raw
materials takes into account 6 quartz sand deposits located in the
Lyubytinsky municipal district with total recorded reserves of 36.602
million tons. According to the degree of industrial development,
explored deposits are classified into groups: developed (4 deposits) and
prepared for industrial development (2 deposits).
There are 245
deposits of sand and 115 deposits of sand and gravel material on the
territory of the Novgorod region with total recorded balance reserves of
586.66 million m3.
In the Novgorod region, 8 deposits of
carbonate rocks for the production of building stone, 3 deposits for
firing for lime, 7 deposits for the production of facing stone are
explored and accounted for by the balance sheet. The largest deposits of
carbonate rocks are concentrated in the Okulovsky municipal district.
There are 17 deposits of brick-tile raw materials (fusible clays) in
the Novgorod region.
284 lake deposits of sapropel have been
discovered and explored on the territory of the region. In total, the
territorial balance of sapropel reserves as of 01.01.2022 included 4
deposits located in the Volotovsky minimal district, Lyubytinsky,
Moshensky and Novgorodsky municipal districts, with balance reserves in
the amount of 1.323 million tons.
The territory of the Novgorod
region is one of the regions richest in peat in the European part of
Russia, yielding only to the Leningrad and Vologda regions. Peat
resources are available in almost all administrative districts of the
region, but they are unevenly distributed over the territory. The
territorial balance of peat reserves as of January 1, 2022 included 642
deposits. Subsoil users carry out exploration and extraction of peat at
seven deposits.
The Novgorod region is one of the oldest historical and cultural
territories of Russia, which is the initial center for the development
of Russian statehood, literacy and spirituality.
Three kilometers
from the center of the region - Veliky Novgorod, Rurik's settlement is
located, the place where the ancient capital of Rus' was located. The
first Russian dynasty was born here, which ruled the country for more
than seven centuries. Princes Rurik and Prophetic Oleg, Vladimir the
Baptist and Yaroslav the Wise, Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan
III and Ivan the Terrible left their mark here. In memory of the calling
of Rurik, on the initiative of Emperor Alexander II, in 1862, a
grandiose monument "Millennium of Russia" was erected in the center of
the Novgorod Kremlin, the composition of which is based on both the
"Monomakh's hat" and the veche bell - symbols of Russian statehood and
democracy.
Veliky Novgorod, the motherland of Russia, has a
special place in the history of the fatherland; ideas about the era of
the birth and flourishing of Russian culture are associated with it.
Novgorod land is known throughout the world for its unique architectural
monuments, iconography, famous frescoes and archaeological finds.
In the historical center of the city - the Novgorod Kremlin - there
is the oldest Russian stone church - the Cathedral of St. Sophia. It was
here that the first Russian books were written and the first birch bark
letters were found, which became a sensation in the field of archeology.
Here, under the vaults of the Vladychnaya Chamber, in January 1478, the
name of the new state, “Russia”, was first heard.
Novgorod is the
oldest center of Russian education and book learning. Since 1030, on the
initiative of Yaroslav the Wise, the first school in Rus' appeared here,
the creation of which became the initial stage in the history of
national education. Numerous birch-bark letters testify to the wide
spread of literacy among the population of Novgorod.
None of the
ancient Russian cities has preserved such a number of manuscripts as
Veliky Novgorod. The library at the Sophia Cathedral was the largest
book depository of Ancient Rus'. A third of all ancient Slavic books
come from Novgorod. The famous Ostromir Gospel, the Gennadievskaya Bible
- the first complete set of biblical books in the Slavic language,
Domostroy, all these books are of Novgorod origin. Since the formation
of the centralized Russian state, the collection of books from St.
Sophia Cathedral has served to prepare numerous state and church reforms
in the field of education, publishing and librarianship. For the sake of
this, book treasures were exported to Moscow, and later to the new
capital of St. Petersburg, forming the basis of the country's largest
book collections.
The first information about the formation of
domestic science is also associated with Novgorod. Here, in 1136, Kirik,
the resident of the Antoniev Monastery, wrote the first mathematical
work of Ancient Rus' - "The Teaching about Numbers".
Over the
centuries-old history, innumerable artistic and architectural treasures
of world significance have been created in Veliky Novgorod, without
which it is difficult to imagine the history of national culture.
The region is especially proud of its unique cultural and historical
heritage: 37 monuments and architectural ensembles of Veliky Novgorod
are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
The
attractiveness of Novgorod as a city-museum is extremely high, in which
dozens of ancient temples and monasteries have been preserved, including
the world-famous Churches of the Savior on Nereditsa (1198) and the
Church of the Savior on Ilyina Street (1378). Many of the temples
contain priceless frescoes, which are considered examples of ancient
Russian monumental art. Only in Veliky Novgorod have preserved frescoes
made by the hand of the brilliant Theophan the Greek.
Despite the
wartime destruction, the city still retains the ancient rampart and moat
ring that surrounds its historic center. The Novgorod Kremlin is one of
the oldest stone fortresses in Russia, built at the end of the 15th
century. The special historical atmosphere of the city is formed by
pristine suburban landscapes and an extensive system of small and large
rivers, which earned Novgorod the glory of the "Venice of the North".
The most significant objects of cultural heritage include: the
Iversky Monastery, travel palaces in the villages of Korostyn, Shimsky
District, in the villages of Edrovo and Yazhelbitsy, Valdai District,
the house-museums of F.M. Dostoevsky in Staraya Russa, N.A. Nekrasov and
G.I. Uspensky in Chudovo, the estate of A.V. Suvorov in the village of
Konchanskoe-Suvorovskoe, Borovichi district, and many others.
It
is traditionally believed that in the 6th century the Krivichi tribes
came to this territory, and in the 8th century, in the process of the
Slavic settlement of the East European Plain, the Ilmen Slovene tribe
came. Finno-Ugric tribes lived on the same territory, leaving a memory
of themselves in the names of numerous rivers and lakes.
From the
VIII-IX centuries (c 862) - Novgorod land (the central part of its
pyatins);
882-1136 - as part of Kievan Rus;
1136-1478 - as part of
the Novgorod Republic;
in 1478, the Novgorod land was subordinated to
the Moscow principality with the preservation of its five (pyatina -
county - churchyard) division.
In 1706, through the efforts of
Metropolitan Job of Novgorod and Velikolutsk, the first school was
opened at the bishop's house in Novgorod - the Greek-Slavonic school, at
the origins of which are the Likhud brothers.
Since 1708, as part of
the Ingermanland province
Since 1727, the modern territory of the
region was the western part of the Novgorod province, and since 1918,
parts of the Cherepovets province, and since 1921 both provinces were
also part of the North-Western region.
In 1740, by decree of Empress
Anna Ioannovna, a theological seminary was founded in Novgorod on the
territory of the Antoniev Monastery.
In 1786, Governor-General
Arkharov solemnly opened the first secular educational institution in
Novgorod - a four-year public school. A year later, similar ones
appeared, but small two-class ones in the county towns of Staraya Russa,
Valdai, Borovichi.
In 1828, a male and female parish Novgorod school
appeared in Novgorod.
In 1834, at the behest of Nicholas I, a cadet
corps was created in the village of Novoselitsy near Novgorod with the
donations of Count Arakcheev.
In 1865, the Nikolaev women's school of
the 1st category was opened, which was renamed the women's gymnasium
five years later.
In 1868, the Alexander Teacher's School was opened
to deal with the shortage of teachers.
On August 1, 1927, both
provinces were abolished, and the territory became part of the Novgorod,
Borovichi districts and the western part of the Cherepovets district of
the Leningrad region, and the territory of the modern Kholmsky district
became part of the Velikoluksky district.
Since July 1930, the
district division was abolished: the districts that later became part of
the region, as well as the cities of Novgorod and Borovichi, became
directly subordinate to the Leningrad Executive Committee ----
July
5, 1944 - By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR, the Novgorod region was formed as part of the RSFSR from the
districts formed in the Leningrad region and the Kalinin region, and the
cities of regional subordination of Novgorod, Borovichi and Staraya
Russa. The region included all the modern districts of the region, but
on August 22, 1944, the Kholmsky district was transferred to the
Velikoluksky region, which it was part of until 1958, and Belebelkovsky,
Dregelsky, Zaluchsky, Lychkovsky, Mstinsky, Opechensky, Polavsky,
Utorgoshsky were abolished at the expense of enlargement with the
inclusion of their territory in the current ones, the Molvotitsky
district was abolished and re-formed as Marevsky. In addition, in 1956,
the Dmitrovsky and Mozolevsky village councils were transferred from the
Dregelsky district to the Boksitogorsky district of the Leningrad
region.
On February 16, 1967, by the Decree of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Novgorod Region was awarded the Order of
Lenin.
Since the late 1950s and early 1960s, the electronic
industry began to develop rapidly in the Novgorod region. In Soviet
times, Novgorod was one of the centers of radio electronics.
The Novgorod Region is one of the oldest historical and cultural
territories of Russia, being the initial center of the development of
Russian statehood. There are 5204 cultural heritage sites on the
territory of the region. Of these, 2165 (41.6%) are of federal
significance, 1691 (32.5%) are of regional significance, and 1348
(25.9%) are identified cultural heritage sites.
The most ancient
and valuable monuments are those included in the World Heritage List:
the cultural layer, the architectural ensembles of the Antoniev
Monastery of the 12th-19th centuries, the Kremlin of the 11th-19th
centuries, the Yuriev Monastery of the 12th-19th centuries, Yaroslav's
Court of the 12th-18th centuries; a total of 37 ensembles and monuments
on the territory of the Sofia and Trade Sides and the suburbs of Veliky
Novgorod.
The most significant cultural heritage sites include:
the Vitoslavlitsy Museum of Wooden Architecture, the Iversky Monastery,
travel palaces in the villages of Korostyn in the Shimsky District, in
the villages of Yedrovo and Yazhelbitsy in the Valdai District, the
house-museums of F. M. Dostoevsky in Staraya Russa, N. A. Nekrasov and
G. I. Uspensky in Chudovo, the estate of A. V. Suvorov in
Konchanskoye-Suvorovskoye in the Borovichi District and many others.
Many monuments of Veliky Novgorod, as well as Borovichi, Valdai, Staraya
Russa are under the operational management of the federal state cultural
institution "Novgorod State United Museum-Reserve". In total, there are
684 cultural institutions in the Novgorod Region, including:
300
cultural and leisure institutions (including 12 cinemas),
326
libraries,
30 children's music schools and art schools,
11
museums,
2 theaters,
The largest cultural institutions in the
region are:
Federal State Budgetary Cultural Institution "Novgorod
State United Museum-Reserve";
Regional Autonomous Cultural and Art
Institution "Novgorod Regional Theater and Concert Agency", which
includes the Novgorod Regional Philharmonic Society named after A.S.
Arensky, Novgorod Regional Cinema Service, Novgorod Regional House of
Folk Art, Novgorod Academic Drama Theater named after F.M. Dostoevsky;
State Budgetary Cultural and Art Institution "State Museum of Artistic
Culture of the Novgorod Land";
State Archive of the Contemporary
History of the Novgorod Region
There are 5,204 cultural heritage
sites in the Novgorod Region. Of these, 2,165 are sites of federal
significance. The majority, 1,924, are archaeological monuments.
37 monuments and ensembles of Veliky Novgorod and its environs were
included in the World Cultural Heritage List by decision of the XVI
session of the UNESCO General Assembly in 1992.
One of the
symbols of Veliky Novgorod, located in the center of the Kremlin, is the
unique monument "Millennium of Russia". The monument is divided into
three tiers, each with its own semantic load and composition. The total
number of figures is 129. They are used to show all the important events
for the country: the baptism of Rus, the expulsion of the Tatars, the
founding of the empire. The oldest stone Orthodox church is the St.
Sophia Cathedral.
The dominant feature of the Trade Side of
Veliky Novgorod is the "Ensemble of Yaroslav's Court and Ancient
Marketplace", 12th-17th centuries. It is an architectural complex, which
includes 15 unique architectural monuments.
On the left bank of
the Volkhov River is located the cultural heritage site of federal
significance "Ensemble of the Antoniev Monastery and Novgorod
Theological Seminary", 12th-20th centuries. The ensemble includes 15
architectural monuments.
On the outskirts of Veliky Novgorod are
located the complex of Yuriev Monastery, the ensemble of Perynsky Skete
and the open-air museum of wooden architecture - "Vitoslavlitsy", which
contains different types of preserved wooden churches.
7 km from
Veliky Novgorod is a unique architectural complex of the 16th century -
Khutynsky Varlaam Monastery.
The "Vyazhishchsky Monastery
Ensemble" of the 17th century, located 15 km from the city, is famous
for its magnificent tiled decoration.
The main Orthodox landmark
of Valdai, the Iversky Monastery, is located on the Selvitsky Island of
Lake Valdai. The monastery was founded in the mid-17th century in the
likeness of the monastery on Mount Athos.
The population of the region according to Rosstat is 571,447 people
(2024). The population density is 10.49 people/km² (2024). The urban
population is 74.33% (2022).
In 2010, 7,203 people were born in
the region, 12,751 people died. The natural decline was -5,548 people.
The death rate is 20.1 deaths per 1,000 people (2009 - 20.4)
The
birth rate is 11.3 births per 1,000 people (2009 - 11.2)
The
migration increase was 387 people (2009 - 586 people)
In geographical economic zoning, the region belongs to the North-West
economic region.
According to the reporting data of Rosstat, the
gross regional product of the Novgorod region for 2016 amounted to 244.5
billion rubles, compared to the level of 2015 it increased by 1.6% in
comparable prices, and by 4.4% in current prices. The gross regional
product per capita of the region amounted to 398.1 thousand rubles, the
growth rate compared to 2015 in current prices reached 105.0%.
According to the results of 2017, the Novgorod region improved its
position in the National Rating of the Investment Climate in the
Subjects of the Russian Federation by 24 positions, taking 29th place.
In 2018, the territory of advanced socio-economic development
"Uglovka" (TOSER) was created in the Novgorod region, residents of which
will receive benefits for tax deductions and insurance payments as part
of the implementation of investment projects.
Since 2018, the
Novgorod Region has been home to the Youth Innovative Creativity Center,
a private industrial park, a business incubator, and a technology park
based on the GARO plant.
A comprehensive system of support for
small and medium-sized businesses has been formed in the Novgorod
Region, which unites various infrastructure organizations: the Novgorod
Fund for Small Entrepreneurship Support (microcredit company) and the
Cluster Development Center, the Entrepreneurship Support Center, and the
Export Support Center operating on its basis; the Center for Innovation
in the Social Sphere. The Novgorod Region Development Agency, the My
Business service centers, and the MFC for business have become a
one-stop shop for all services. The Novgorod infrastructure for
supporting small businesses provides agency services to the SME
Corporation on site, direct access to the services of Russian Export
Center JSC has been organized, and a representative office of SME Bank
has been opened.
In 1952, the first post-war enterprise, the Volna plant, was opened
in Novgorod. The plant produced household televisions and professional
studio equipment.
In 1958, by decree of the Leningrad Council of
National Economy, the Novgorod Television Plant was created, now the
joint-stock company "Kvant". The first model released at the plant was
the "KVN-49" television. In 1960, the plant began serial production of
the mass television "Volkhov".
In 1958, by decree of the
Leningrad Council of National Economy, a design bureau (KB) was created,
on the basis of which in 1982 the Industrial Television Research
Institute "Rastr" was created, which was engaged in the development of
television complexes. The applied television installations of this
research institute were used to equip the Beloyarsk and Voronezh nuclear
power plants, the first nuclear icebreaker "Lenin", and the first Soviet
industrial exhibition in New York.
In 1959, the Novgorod
Semiconductor Plant named after Lenin Komsomol, known as post box No.
21. In 1961, a design bureau was created at the plant. Today it is the
Planeta Design Bureau.
In 1961, an enterprise was created to
produce electromagnetic components to supply the North-West region with
them - the Novgorod Plant of Radiotechnical Products, later renamed the
XXIV Party Congress Plant. The enterprise was part of the Novgorod
Scientific Production Association "Complex" (NPO "Complex"). Since June
25, 1996 - this is OJSC "Transvit".
In 1966, the "50th
Anniversary of October Plant" was founded, which produced television
channel switches for televisions (today NPO "Start").
In 1978,
another enterprise appeared as part of NPO Kompleks — the Spektr plant,
created mainly for the production of the domestic VCR VM-12.
Industry of the Novgorod Region
The basis of the economic potential
of the region is the industrial production sector. Its share in the GRP
structure is 37.2%. The industrial production complex is represented by
1,670 enterprises, including 150 large and medium-sized enterprises. The
gross regional product is increasing and amounted to 209.3 billion
rubles in 2014, 234.1 billion rubles in 2015, and 244.5 billion rubles
in 2016.
The industry of the region generates 88% of all profits
received, it employs about 21.5% of the working population, mainly
concentrated in the regional center — Veliky Novgorod, Borovichi,
Staraya Russa and Chudovo.
The region's industry is represented
mainly by manufacturing (about 90%), which includes the following types
of economic activity:
chemical production:
PJSC Acron
(fertilizer production);
food production, including beverages:
CJSC Laktis (dairy production)
OJSC Velikonovgorodsky Myasnoy Dvor
(meat products, sausages, semi-finished products)
CJSC Borovichsky
Myasnoy Dvor (meat products, sausages, semi-finished products)
OJSC
Novgorodkhleb (bakery products)
JSC Deka (beverage, beer production)
OOO Mondelez Rus (chewing gum and candy production);
wood
processing and wood product production:
OOO UPM-Kymmene Chudovo
(plywood production)
OOO Parfinsky Plywood Mill (plywood production)
OOO PLC (lumber production), OOO IKEA Industry Novgorod (chipboard
production)
OOO Hasslacherles (lumber production);
pulp and
paper production:
OOO Amkor Tobacco Packaging Novgorod (hard labels
(cardboard packs) for cigarette packaging in expanded form);
electrical equipment production:
JSC OKB Planeta (production of
microelectronics, electrical products, microwave radio engineering
products)
JSC NPO Kvant (ground-based air defense electronics)
JSC
Scientific and Production Enterprise Start (production of electrical
equipment, electronic and optical equipment);
JSC Special Design
Bureau for Relay Technology (production of microelectronics, electrical
products, microwave radio engineering products).
production of
vehicles and equipment
JSC Novtrak (production of trailers,
semi-trailers);
production of other non-metallic mineral
products:
JSC Borovichi Refractory Plant (proppants, refractory
products, unshaped materials)
JSC Uglovsky Lime Plant (lime,
limestone flour);
metallurgical production and production
finished metal products:
ZAO Novgorod Metallurgical Plant (copper
rod, copper processing);
furniture production:
ZAO
Borovichi-Mebel
OOO Elegiya
As of the beginning of 2021, five thermal power plants with a total capacity of 440 MW were operating in the Novgorod Region. In 2020, they generated 2,003 million kWh of electricity.
The rural population as of January 1, 2021 was 167,777 people, 28% of
the total population of the Novgorod Region.
The natural
conditions of the Novgorod Region allow for the cultivation of the main
zoned agricultural crops - grain, legumes, forage crops, as well as
potatoes, vegetables and perennial grasses. Lack of heat, shallow land
contours, in places severe waterlogging and waterlogged soils require
significant efforts and resources for farming. In the Novgorod Region,
there are 602.1 thousand hectares of agricultural land, of which 425.4
thousand hectares are arable land. There are 133 agricultural
organizations of various organizational and legal forms, 795 peasant
(farming) households, 191,000 private subsidiary farms in the region.
The Novgorod Region is one of the largest producers of potatoes,
vegetables, eggs and meat in the North-West. As of 2017, the region's
need for domestic consumption was fully met by its own production of
meat, potatoes, vegetables, and largely eggs.
A developed
breeding base and seed production system have been created in the
region. There are 10 breeding reproducers, including 2 for beef cattle
breeding, 2 for pig breeding and 6 for dairy cattle breeding. There are
7 seed farms, 5 of which are engaged in the production of potato seeds,
2 are engaged in the production of grain crop seeds. The region is fully
self-sufficient in high-quality potato and grain seeds. One of the
region's achievements is the meristem technology for growing virus-free
potato material. In 2016, 62.5 thousand pieces of minitubers were
obtained, in 2017 - more than 300 thousand pieces.
The leading branch of agriculture is animal husbandry. The main areas
are dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig farming and poultry farming.
Large pork producers are Novgorodsky Bacon LLC, Ustvolmsky Agroholding
LLC, NovSvin LLC, and poultry meat producers are Belgrankorm - Veliky
Novgorod LLC.
As of March 1, 2021, the number of cattle in the
farms of all agricultural producers was 28.4 thousand heads (-2.1%), of
which 14.2 thousand heads were cows (-2.7%), 132.4 thousand heads were
pigs (+1.7%), and 17.9 thousand heads were sheep and goats (-2.5%). In
the structure of the livestock population, 19.6% of cattle, 2.8% of
pigs, and 64.3% of sheep and goats were in the households.
In 2020, potatoes were harvested from 3.7 thousand hectares, with an
average yield of 256.1 c/ha dug up 93.6 thousand tons of potatoes. The
region is the leader in the Northwestern Federal District in terms of
the volume of this crop harvested. Last year, as of the corresponding
date, 88.0 thousand tons of potatoes were obtained from an area of 3.3
thousand hectares in the Novgorod Region with a yield of 269.4 c/ha). In
terms of harvesting open-ground vegetables in the NWFD, the Novgorod
Region is second only to the Leningrad Region. These crops were
harvested in the region from an area of 1.8 thousand hectares (77.2%
of the planned figure), 48.1 thousand tons of vegetables were harvested
with an average yield of 340.3 c/ha. A year ago, Novgorod farmers
harvested 46.8 thousand tons of open-ground vegetables from 1.3 thousand
hectares, the yield then was 347.6 c/ha.
In 2020, grain was
harvested from an area of 14,303 hectares, including 2,554 hectares
for feed and 11,749 hectares for grain, 36.3 thousand tons were threshed
(78% of the plan). Rapeseed was harvested from an area of 1,477
hectares, the gross yield was 2,636 tons.
Currently, Veliky Novgorod has rail links with Nizhny Novgorod,
Vladimir, Moscow, Tver, St. Petersburg, Petrozavodsk, Vitebsk, Vilnius,
Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Brest, Minsk.
In 2018, the infrastructure
facilities of the railway passenger complex at the Chudovo-Moskovskoye,
Batetskaya, Okulovka, Parfino, Soltsy stations and the territories
adjacent to the stations were improved.
In 2017-2018, new routes
"Veliky Novgorod - Petrozavodsk", "Veliky Novgorod - Kaliningrad" and
"Veliky Novgorod - Nizhny Novgorod" were opened, which contributed to
the increase in the tourism potential of the Novgorod region. In 2019,
it is planned to open a new route "Petrozavodsk - Veliky Novgorod -
Pskov".
The main federal highway M10 (E 105): Moscow - St. Petersburg
("Russia").
Federal highway P56 (A116): Veliky Novgorod - Soltsy -
Porkhov - Pskov.
High-speed highway M11 "Moscow - St. Petersburg".
The length of highways in the Novgorod region is 14969 km, including
400 km of federal roads, 8421 km of regional and inter-municipal roads,
6148 of local importance.
In 2017, repair work was completed on
314 km of regional and inter-municipal roads in the Novgorod region, of
which 270 km were repaired using federal budget funds. The volume of
repairs completed in 2017 alone is equal to the volume of work carried
out in 2014, 2015 and 2016 combined. In addition, thanks to federal
support, 16.9 km of the street and road network of Veliky Novgorod and
about 2 km of the street and road network of Borovichi were repaired.
Also, 12 bridge structures were repaired.
In total, as a result
of the work performed, about 1,000 km of roads in the Novgorod region
were brought into compliance.
In 2018, more than 1,000 km of
roads in the region were brought into compliance. In addition, measures
were taken to transfer 544.5 km of roads that do not meet the criteria
of regional roads to the ownership of municipal districts - Moshensky
and Lyubytinsky.
Currently, air transportation in the Novgorod region is not carried
out due to the lack of an airport. Individual charter flights by civil
aviation aircraft are possible upon agreement with the Ministry of
Defense to the Soltsy airfield and upon agreement with the
administration of the 123rd aircraft repair plant to the Staraya Russa
airfield. In 2014, the infrastructure of the former military airfield
"Krechevitsy" was transferred to the ownership of the Novgorod region.
The airfield facilities were transferred to the operational management
of the state regional state institution "NovgorodTransAvia".
In
2016, the artificial runway, part of the main taxiway, and the KRD were
registered as a landing site for class IV aircraft and helicopters, for
takeoff and landing in simple, daytime meteorological conditions.
In 2018, changes were made to the air navigation passport of the
Krechevitsy landing site, according to which the Krechevitsy landing
site can accept class III aircraft and helicopters of all types.
Pre-project studies were also conducted on the possibility and
feasibility of creating an airport for Veliky Novgorod at the
Krechevitsy airfield.
In 2018, the Krechevitsy airfield was
included in the Plan for the modernization and expansion of the main
infrastructure of the Russian Federation until 2024, approved by the
order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 30,
2018 No. 2101-r.
There are 190 preschool educational institutions, 164 general education institutions, 73 additional education institutions, 23 professional educational institutions and 2 higher education institutions in the Novgorod Region.
In 1919, the Novgorod Institute of Public Education was opened on the
basis of teacher training seminaries. In 1922, it was renamed the
Practical Institute of Public Education, and in 1923 - the Pedagogical
College. This transformation was due to the great need for personnel for
primary school and cultural and educational work in the countryside. In
1945, a decision was made to open the Novgorod Regional Institute for
Advanced Teacher Training.
From 1934 to 1953, the Novgorod State
Teachers' Institute was engaged in training personnel in Novgorod, and
from 1953 to 1993 - the Novgorod State Pedagogical Institute.
With the development of industry in the post-war period, the issue of
training qualified workers and engineering and technical personnel,
especially highly qualified, became acute in Novgorod. Thus, in 1961,
the general technical faculty of the Leningrad Electrotechnical
Institute named after V. I. Lenin appeared in Novgorod. In 1964, the
faculty was transformed into the Novgorod branch of the Leningrad
Electrotechnical Institute, and already in 1973, the Novgorod
Polytechnic Institute was created on the basis of the branch. Over its
twenty-year history as an independent university, the Novgorod
Polytechnic Institute has accumulated rich comprehensive experience. The
NPI staff and its rector V. V. Soroka were the initiators of the
creation of a classical university in Novgorod. Thus, in 1991, the
Novgorod State University named after Yaroslav the Wise was established.
Since 1944, the governing body in the field of education was the
Department of Public Education, and Z. T. Lobova was appointed head of
the department. Since 1988, the department was transformed into the
Department of Public Education, which existed for 4 years.
As of August 2018, there are 189 municipal and state kindergartens
and 1 departmental kindergarten in the preschool education system. 43
schools have preschool groups. Also, in the region, educational services
in the field of preschool education are provided by 3 non-governmental
organizations. From 2012 to 2018, more than 3.6 thousand additional
places for preschool children were created in kindergartens in the
region.
More than 3.3 thousand people work in the field of
preschool education - 37.7% of employees have secondary pedagogical
education, 56.9% - higher pedagogical education. Currently, in the
Novgorod Region, three kindergartens (190 places each) are under
construction in Veliky Novgorod in the microdistricts of "Ivushki",
"Severny" and "Pskovsky". It is planned to build a kindergarten in the
village. Moika, Batetsky District (60 places) and in Okulovka (140
places).
At the beginning of the 2018/2019 academic year, there are 164
municipal (state) general education organizations in the Novgorod
Region, with 64,630 students. There are 5,679 people with disabilities
studying in the region's schools. 96.8% of schoolchildren study in the
first shift.
More than 7,000 people work in the general education
system, including 4,663 teaching staff and 4,113 teachers. 1,546 people
are in the qualification category, and 1,524 people are in the first
category. More than 70% of teaching staff in general education
organizations are over 35 years old.
The network of individual
general education organizations implementing educational activities
according to adapted general education programs includes 9 general
education organizations: 1 — for deaf and hard of hearing students,
students with severe speech impairments; 1 — for students with visual
impairments and musculoskeletal disorders; 1 — for students with mental
retardation; 6 — for students with mental retardation. They are attended
by 1,645 students with disabilities, 11 disabled people, 502 disabled
children.
In the Novgorod Region, 2 new general education schools
have been built in Veliky Novgorod. A school for 960 students is being
built in Borovichi. It is planned to build a school in Malaya Vishera.
In the Novgorod Region, 72 organizations of additional education for
children operate in the sphere of education, culture and sports.
Additional education services are also provided by schools,
organizations for orphans and professional educational organizations.
Additional education covers 77,194 students - 96.55% of the total
number of children aged 5 to 18 living in the region. In schools, 58.7%
(46,931 people) are engaged in additional education, in organizations of
additional education for children - 37.85% (30,263 people). On the basis
of organizations of additional education for children, 1,598
associations of various focuses operate.
In Veliky Novgorod, the
State Autonomous Educational Institution of Additional Education
"Captain Varukhin N.G. Maritime Center", in which more than 700 children
are annually trained in maritime affairs. Since 1967, more than 10,000
young Novgorodians have received training in maritime affairs at the
Maritime Center, more than 3,000 graduates of the Maritime Center work
on river and sea vessels, serve on military ships.
In order to
develop technical creativity, the Novgorod Quantum was created in June
2017. Children have the opportunity to study in IT-quantum, Energy
Quantum, Augmented and Virtual Reality (VR / AR), HI-TECH, Geoquantum,
Bioquantum-Akron, Robokvantum, as well as attend co-working classes,
English, study in chess and math classes. By the end of 2018, more than
800 children are studying at the Quantum.
In 2019, it is planned
to create the mobile technology park "Kvantorium", which will help solve
the problems of ensuring the availability of additional education in
rural areas.
The system of secondary vocational education of the Novgorod region
includes 16 regional vocational educational organizations, 1
non-governmental educational organization and 2 branches of the Novgorod
State University named after Yaroslav the Wise. About 13 thousand people
study in them, more than 860 teachers and masters of industrial training
work.
The region has seen an increase in the share of those
accepted into vocational educational organizations (in 2013 - 49.9%, in
2018 - 53%). There has also been an increase in vocational educational
organizations that train personnel according to the TOP-50 (2017 - 72%;
2018 - 83%).
Since 2016, the Novgorod Region has joined the
WorldSkills Russia movement. The region has already held two regional
championships "Young Professionals" in 19 competencies. Demonstration
exams according to WorldSkills Russia standards were held in 7
competencies. In 2018, 4 out of 6 participants of the Novgorod Region
delegation were among the prize winners and medalists of the Final of
the 6th National Championship "Young Professionals".
The student
team of the region in the final of the National Championship in
professional skills among disabled people and people with disabilities
"Abilympics" won 3 prize places out of 5 participants in 2017, and 4
prize places in 2018.
The Novgorod Region is one of 15 regions in which the subject Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture was introduced as a regional component of education on September 1, 2006.
The Novgorod Region has 1,762 sports facilities, including 3 indoor
sports facilities with artificial ice. (3 stadiums, 33 swimming pools, 4
track and field arenas and 1 biathlon complex).
There are 24
physical education and sports organizations operating in the region,
including 5 Olympic reserve sports schools. The main sports in the
Novgorod Region are rowing (academic rowing), wrestling, artistic
gymnastics, acrobatic gymnastics, and cross-country skiing.
More
than 230 official sports competitions from regional to international
level are held annually in the region, including the international
acrobatic gymnastics competition "Zolotov Cup", Russian championships in
orienteering, the final of the Russian Cup in figure skating,
all-Russian competitions in rowing, gymnastics, wrestling, and sailing.
The regional project "Be in Sports" is being implemented in the
Novgorod Region. According to the project format, each month of the year
is dedicated to one type of sport or physical activity; the project
includes 4 thematic blocks for holding mass exercises, open lessons on
sports, open days in physical education and sports organizations, and
holding competitions.