The Omsk region is a subject of the Russian Federation in the
southwest of Siberia, part of the Siberian Federal District and the West
Siberian Economic Region. It borders on Kazakhstan in the south, Tyumen
region in the west and north, Novosibirsk region in the east and Tomsk
region in the northeast.
The territory is 141,140 km², which is
0.82% of the area of Russia. According to this indicator, the region
ranks 28th in the country.
According to data compiled in 2022 by
RIA Novosti, the Omsk region found itself at the bottom of the ranking
of regions in terms of quality of life, taking 66th place out of 85.
Thus, the region found itself in the twenty least attractive regions for
life and development.
The administrative center is the city of
Omsk.
By plane
Omsk International Airport (IATA:OMS) accepts flights
from Moscow, Kaliningrad, Nizhnevartovsk, Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk. There
are also international connections with Tashkent, Delhi, Bangkok,
Andijan, Sharm El-Sheikh.
By train
The
Trans-Siberian Railway passes through the region. The main stations in
the region are Omsk and Nazyvaevsk. From Moscow from the Kazansky or
Yaroslavsky train stations on trains traveling along the Trans-Siberian
Railway or according to a special schedule on the direct branded train
No. 048N Moscow-Omsk “Irtysh”. The distance is more than 2500 km, travel
time is less than two days.
By car
The federal highway P254
“Irtysh” passes through the region, connecting Chelyabinsk and Kurgan in
the west and Novosibirsk in the east. The section from Kurgan to Omsk
can be traveled in two ways:
Through the territory of Kazakhstan
through the city of Petropavlovsk - this is how the route from west to
east historically ran in the Soviet Union.
Bypassing Kazakhstan along
the P402 road through Chastoozerye, Berdyuzhye and Ishim.
The
first route is 100 km shorter, but you need to go through customs twice.
Considering that the entire road from Kurgan to Omsk is in decent
condition, and the Berdyuzhie-Ishim section, famous until recently for
its potholes and potholes, has recently been repaired and has an
excellent smooth surface, there is little point left in driving through
Kazakhstan.
Please note that road signs for Omsk give conflicting
information: if you follow them, you can go to Kazakhstan. Use maps and
navigation apps.
According to anthropological data, the settlement of the modern
territory of the Omsk region began in the Upper Paleolithic 45 thousand
years ago, as evidenced by the discovery of the femur of the Ust-Ishim
man - the earliest known representative of the species Homo sapiens in
Russia. The late Paleolithic site of Chernoozerye II on the
Chernoozerskaya Griva is dated to about 14.5 thousand years.
The
Mesolithic era includes the sites of Chernoozerye VIa, Maly Ashchi-Kul
I, Bolshoy Ashchi-Kul II, Maksimovka II.
During the Neolithic
period, hunters and fishermen lived in this area. In the 3rd millennium
BC, the development of cattle breeding began.
The archaeological
sites of Khutor Bor IV, Okunevo VII, Yamsysa XII belong to the
Eneolithic. In the Early Bronze Age (18th - 14th centuries BC), the
Krotovskaya culture tribes lived in the Omsk region. Double-edged tanged
knives were found in Okunevo VII, at the Omsk site, in the Sopka burial
ground (Novovarshavsky district). The Sargat culture was formed
gradually on the basis of local tribes of the Early Bronze Age and the
transitional period living in the forest-steppe. Monuments of the Samus
community of the middle of the 2nd millennium BC in the Irtysh region
include Chernoozerye VI, Okunevo XI, and the Rostovkinsky burial ground.
The Rostovkinsky burial ground near Omsk is located on the border of the
Krotovskaya, Samussky and steppe areas and is more characteristic of the
Samus-Seiminsky chronological layer in these territories as a whole than
of any separate culture of this time. From the 14th to 13th centuries
BC, the Andronovo culture tribes (Ermak, Zhar-Agach, Ircha, Chernoozerye
I, Prorva I, Elovskoye II) began to penetrate the Irtysh region from the
southwest. The Irmen culture (Bolshoy Log, Kalachevka II) was formed on
the basis of the incoming Andronovo tribes (Fedorovo type) and the local
Krotovskaya culture. Monuments of the Suzgun culture date back to the
Late Bronze Age in the taiga zone of the Irtysh region. From the 10th to
8th centuries BC, the bearers of cross ceramics began to penetrate the
Irtysh region from the northwest, forming the Krasnoozerskaya culture
(Krasnoozerka, Okunevo V, Konashevka III, Inberen V, Novo-Troitskoye,
Chudskaya Gora). In the Iron Age, burial in burial mounds spread to the
Irtysh region. The largest center of the Kulai culture, identified in
the Omsk region, is the Bolshoy Log settlement (now located in Omsk near
the Pervokirpichny microdistrict).
The sample BIY011.A0101
(Mountain Bitiya, No. 228/27, 400-200 years BC, coverage 0.0495) from
the Gornaya Bitiya tract on the Ishim River was determined to have the
Y-chromosomal haplogroup R1b-M269 and the mitochondrial haplogroup U4a1.
The sample BIY005.A0101 (Mountain Bitiya, No. 228/20, 3rd-2nd centuries
BC, Sargat horizon) was determined to have the Y-chromosomal haplogroup
F(F-P14,F-M89) and the mitochondrial haplogroup D4j. The remaining
Sargat samples were found to have Y-chromosomal haplogroups Q1a
(Q-M1155, Q-L472), Q1a2a (Q-L475, Q-L53), N1c1 (N-L395, N-M46), N1c1a1a
(N-L392), N1c1a1a2 (N-CTS10082, N-Z1936), G (G-M3509.1, G-M201), NO
(NO-F549, NO-M2313), CT (CT-M5603, CT-M168) and mitochondrial
haplogroups H7e, R1b1, G2a1, U4b1b1, U4d2, U5a1a2a, N1a1a1a1a, H2a1.
Early Khorezmian inscriptions written in Aramaic letters on two silver
phials found in 1989 in burial 6 (mound 3) in the Isakov burial ground
No. 1 near Isakovka (Gorky district), on ceramic vessels and ostraca
from the Khorezmian settlements of Koy-krylgan-kala, Kalal-gyr 2, Gyaur
3, Burly-kala, Humbuz-tepe can be dated to the period from the 3rd
century BC to the 1st-2nd centuries AD. The fact that the inscriptions
on the Isakov bowls are not Aramaic in language, but Khorezmian can be
judged by several appellatives. Isakovo inscription No. 3 is made in the
same technique as inscription No. 2 from the Sarmatian mound 1 in
Prokhorovka, Orenburg region. In burial 6 of mound 3 (3rd-2nd centuries
BC) a grave of a 55-year-old man was discovered.
In the 3rd-4th
centuries, some of the cattle-breeding tribes of Western Siberia went
west, and the tribes of the ancient Khanty advanced from the north into
the deserted forest-steppe regions.
The mythological design of
the vessels from mound No. 17 (10th-11th centuries) of the Kip-III
burial ground in the forested Irtysh region, the Kotsky town near the
village of Kondinsky in the lower reaches of the Ob (former Berezovsky
district of the Tobolsk province), mound 14 of the Podgornensky IV
burial ground on the Lower Don (the shore of the Tsimlyansk reservoir)
and the Nagy-Szent-Miklos treasure allow us to recognize them as
attributes of ritual actions. They were apparently used in rituals
directly related to their symbolism: on the days of the spring and
autumn equinoxes, summer and winter solstices.
In the early Middle Ages, the territory of modern Omsk Oblast was
part of the West Turkic Khaganate.
In the 10th – mid-11th
centuries, the steppe south of the Omsk Irtysh region was part of the
Kimak Khaganate.
The Ust-Ishim culture of the southern Khanty
existed in the 10th–13th centuries.
At the end of the 15th
century, as a result of the collapse of the Golden Horde, the territory
of modern Omsk Oblast became part of the Siberian Khanate, as a result
of which the Siberian Tatar ethnic group was formed; Kazakhs and other
peoples also lived here.
In 1584, the Cossack ataman Ermak Timofeevich reached the borders of the territory of modern Omsk Oblast, after which the conquest of this territory by the Russian state began.
Under the tsars Feodor Ivanovich and Boris Godunov, construction of
cities began in Siberia to protect against nomadic raids and to govern
the local population. Intensive settlement of the territory began in the
early 17th century.
In 1716, Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Bukhgolts
founded the Omsk Fortress, which marked the beginning of the development
of Omsk. In the second half of the 18th century, the Omsk Fortress
became the largest structure in the east of the country.
The region was first formed in 1822 during the reforms of Count M. M.
Speransky. Initially, it was divided into internal (Omsk, Petropavlovsk,
Semipalatinsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk) and external, populated by Kazakh
nomads, districts. Subsequently, the names and borders of the region
changed repeatedly: the region of the Siberian Kirghiz (since 1854),
Akmola region (since 1868), Omsk region (since 1918), Omsk province
(since 1919, in fact - since 1920).
In the early 1920s, the Reds
suppressed the West Siberian Uprising, the largest anti-Bolshevik armed
uprising of peasants, Cossacks, some workers and urban intelligentsia in
the RSFSR.
In August 1924, according to the proposed Sibplan project, a new
division of Siberia into districts was planned. Thus, the territory of
Siberia subordinated to the Siberian Revolutionary Committee was to be
divided into 4 regions: Omsk Region with its center in Omsk,
Kuznetsk-Altai Region with its center in Novonikolaevsk, as well as
Yenisei (Krasnoyarsk) and Lena-Baikal (Irkutsk). It was also planned to
form a single Siberian Region divided into 13 districts. However, this
plan was not approved.
Omsk Governorate was abolished in 1925
when it was incorporated into the Siberian Territory.
Re-formed
by the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on December
7, 1934. The territory of the abolished Ob-Irtysh region, part of the
West Siberian region, and 11 southern districts of the Omsk region from
the Chelyabinsk region (with the exception of Talitsky and Tugulymsky)
were transferred to it.
By the Decree of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 6, 1943, the Armizonsky,
Berdyuzhsky, Isetsky, Uporovsky districts and 8 village councils of the
Novozaimsky district were transferred to the newly formed Kurgan region.
After the formation of the Tyumen Region on August 14, 1944, the
Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets National Okrugs, the Tobolsk Okrug, as
well as the Abatsky, Aromashevsky, Baikalovsky, Vagaysky, Velizhansky,
Vikulovsky, Golyshmanovsky, Dubrovinsky, Ishimsky, Kazansky, Maslyansky,
Nizhne-Tavdinsky, Novo-Zaimsky, Omutinsky, Sorokinsky, Tobolsky,
Tyumensky, Uvatsky, Yurginsky, Yalutorovsky and Yarkovsky Districts were
transferred to it.
In the 1950s, the creation of a petrochemical
complex began in connection with the development of oil fields.
In the period 1959-1970, 962 settlements were liquidated in the region.
As of January 1, 1966, the region had 4 cities of regional
subordination, 2 cities of district subordination, 10 workers'
settlements, 31 rural districts, 6 urban districts, 340 village
councils, and 2,562 rural settlements.
In the period 1970-1979,
478 settlements were liquidated in the region.
In the period
1979-1989, 246 settlements were liquidated in the region.
It borders on Kazakhstan in the south, Tyumen region in the west and
north, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions in the east. It is part of the
Siberian Federal District.
The region's territory extends 600 km
from south to north and 300 km from west to east. The main water artery
is the Irtysh and its tributaries Ishim, Om, Osha, and Tara. The region
is located on the West Siberian Plain, which has a flat topography. In
the south there are steppes, gradually turning into forest-steppes,
forest and swampy taiga in the north. The soil is sandy and silty. Along
the Irtysh, in the so-called In the Irtysh region, there is an “oasis”
microclimate, with a more wooded and ravine landscape. Here are the most
fertile lands in the region. There are also many lakes in the Omsk
region: Saltaim, Tenis, Ik, Ebeyty, Ulzhay, Tobol-Kushly.
The
highest point in the Omsk region is 150 m near the village of Nagornoye,
the lowest is the water's edge on the Irtysh - 41 m, near the village of
Malaya Bicha.
The Omsk Region owns 28 specially protected natural
areas of regional significance, including natural parks in Bolsherechye
and Omsk (“Bird Harbor”).
The Omsk region is located in the MSC+3 time zone. The applied time offset relative to UTC is +6:00.
The climate of the region is continental and sharply continental. The
average January temperature is −19… −20 °C, July +17…+18 °C in the
northern part, +19 °C in the south. The distribution of precipitation is
uneven: in the north - 400-500 mm, in the extreme south of the region -
less than 300 mm.
The climate of the steppes, compared to the
forest-steppe zone, is characterized by a long growing season and
frost-free periods, high average annual and average monthly
temperatures, and great dryness. Therefore, the steppe lands suffer from
a lack of moisture: on average, 250-300 mm of precipitation falls here
per year, 1.5-2 times less than in the central regions of Russia.
Winter in the steppe is usually harsh, frosts up to -35... -40 °C,
and a thin, uneven snow cover of 25-30 cm does not cover the soil well.
The snow melts in 10-12 days. Winds increase evaporation, dry out the
soil and often stir up dust storms. In spring, rains are rare in the
steppe. The weather is clear. Late spring frosts are frequent. Already
at the end of April, during the hottest blowouts, almost everywhere in
the Omsk region the temperature can reach +30°, and in May, during hot
springs, such cases become common everywhere. In summer, on clear, sunny
days, the temperature rises to +30...+35 °C. In the first half of
summer, dry winds (strong, hot winds that scorch plants and cause severe
drying out of the soil) are common occurrences.
The great wealth
of surface water in the forest-steppe zone is explained by a more humid
climate: the annual precipitation here is 350-400 mm, half of which
falls in the first months: the snow cover is also more abundant in the
south - its thickness reaches 30-40 cm.
The Tara north is a zone
of abundant moisture; 400-450 mm of precipitation falls here per year,
that is, twice as much as in the south of the region. Summer is
moderately warm - in July +17...+18 °C. The growing season is 150 days.
The climate is characterized by hot summers and cold winters. In the
Tara region, winter temperatures everywhere can drop below -50°, and in
some places reached -52°-53°, this is the pole of cold OO, but in May,
even here, heat above +36° is already possible. Humidity here is
noticeably higher than in other areas of the region, and the average
annual temperature is zero, in some years it is slightly lower.
As of February 1, 2016, in the Omsk region there are 30 territories
that have the status of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of
regional and local significance.
As of the spring of 2016,
sources of atmospheric emissions in the region are distributed as
follows: 48.5% - motor transport, 29.2% - production and distribution of
electricity, gas and water, 12% - other stationary sources of pollution,
10.3% - production enterprises coke and petroleum products.
In
2017, sources of atmospheric emissions in the region were distributed as
follows: 49.75% - motor transport, 27.37% - provision of electrical
energy, gas and steam; air conditioning, 11.26% - enterprises for the
production of coke and petroleum products; 11.62% - other stationary
sources of pollution.
The forest fund of the Omsk region is
located on the territory of 32 administrative districts of the region.
All forest lands are included in 19 forest districts. The area of forest
land is 5.9 million hectares, or 42% of the total area of the Omsk
region. Forested lands occupy 4.5 million hectares with a total forest
reserve of 640 million m³. In the southern regions of the region, forest
cover ranges from 0.3% to 5.5%, hence their main function is protective.
Production forests are located mainly in the northern regions, where
forest cover reaches 61-67% and more than 90% of the mature wood supply
is concentrated. The share of coniferous plantations accounts for 24.2%
(1102.1 thousand hectares), the volume of soft-leaved plantations is
75.7% (3453.4 thousand hectares).
Within the region, a latitudinal-horizontal landscape-bioclimatic
zonation is clearly manifested: steppe - southern and northern
forest-steppe - southern taiga. The distribution of precipitation is
uneven: in the north - 400-500 mm, in the extreme south of the region -
less than 300 mm.
The taiga-forest zone has the most limited area
of agricultural land - about 600 thousand hectares. This zone is the
most depressed and swampy, waterlogged for a long time, groundwater lies
at a depth of 1-3 meters. The main land fund is represented by podzolic,
bog and meadow soils, which are usually acidic, thin, with a low supply
of humus (up to 3%), nitrogen and phosphorus.
The forest-steppe
zone occupies the largest part of the region's territory (51%). The soil
cover of the zone is dominated by meadow-chernozem, chernozem-meadow and
meadow soils, as well as solonetz complexes. The average humus content
is 4-5%. For agricultural needs in the zone, 3 million 744 thousand
hectares of land have been developed, including 56% for arable land.
The steppe zone occupies only 8.6% of the region's territory, but it
is the most agriculturally developed and plowed. Plowing of land on
individual farms reaches 95%. The land fund of the steppe zone is
dominated by ordinary and southern chernozems, often carbonate and
solonetzic. The amount of humus is from 4 to 9%.
Almost 87% of
the region’s arable land requires additional application of
phosphorus-containing fertilizers. The soils of the northern zone are
almost 87% poor in potassium. The annual loss of humus as a result of
agriculture is 0.4 t/ha. To date, there has been a decrease in the gross
reserves of humus in arable soils to 10-15% of the initial ones (from
the beginning of land development), especially in the south of the
region. In the region, 17% of all agricultural land requires
restoration, especially in the steppe and southern forest-steppe zones.
Based on scientific research in 1986-1990. the volume of manure
application increased to 2 t/ha and 40 kg/ha of mineral fertilizers.
Much attention was paid to chemical reclamation: - liming of acidic
soils, gypsuming of soils of the solonetz complex. A positive balance of
phosphorus has been achieved, which is one of the main nutrients that
limits the yield of agricultural crops. Liming work ceased in 1994, and
gypsum work in 1996. The application of mineral fertilizers in the last
decade has decreased by almost 40 times, and organic fertilizers by 5
times.
At the same time, the Tara region of the region has rich
deposits of peat, the most valuable composition of sapropel, marsh marls
and phosphates.
The population of the region according to Rosstat is 1,818,093 people▼. (2024). Population density is 12.88 people/km2 (2024). Urban population is 74.88% (2022).
Data for 2010 (represented by peoples with a population of over 1,000
people (as a percentage of the total number of those who indicated their
nationality)):
Russians — 1,648,097 (85.8%)
Kazakhs — 78,303
(4.1%)
Ukrainians — 51,841 (2.7%)
Russian Germans — 50,055 (2.6%)
Tatars — 41,870 (2.2%)
Belarusians — 6,051
Armenians — 7,300
others — 36,630
Persons who did not indicate their nationality —
57,518
The main production, construction and trade in Omsk Oblast are
carried out in Omsk. Industrial sectors are represented by military,
aerospace and agricultural engineering, petrochemical, light and food
industries; construction materials are also produced. There are no large
energy facilities.
The main sectors of agriculture in the region
are crop production, dairy and meat farming, pig farming and poultry
farming. The region grows grain crops (wheat, rye, oats, barley),
potatoes, vegetables, sunflower and other crops.
In the 1970s,
Omsk Oblast was one of the most economically developed regions of
Siberia. According to Novaya Gazeta journalist Borodyansky, in 2011 Omsk
Oblast has significantly lost ground in terms of population, income
level and budget size and is in last place among Siberian regions.
Borodyansky believes that during the 20 years of Governor L.K.
Polezhaev's rule, the developed region has become "one of the most
difficult to survive in."
Oleg Shishov, founder of NPO Mostovik,
the largest taxpayer and employer in the region, believes that the real
sector of the economy of both Omsk Oblast and Russia as a whole is in
poor condition. He sees the reasons for this in the low independence of
the federal subjects and insufficient comprehensive work, including in
the field of education, as a result of which many specialists from Omsk
leave for neighboring cities - Novosibirsk and Tyumen.
However,
according to Shishov, as of February 2016, Omsk Oblast has everything it
needs to double its GDP in seven years. To do this, it is necessary to
do a lot of work that will make the region prosperous. It requires the
creation of scientific and industrial clusters, regional free economic
zones, conditions for safe business, the establishment of cooperation at
the interregional and interstate level, targeted training of personnel,
and much more. Another area of activity should be active work with
federal authorities, participation of the region in all federal target
programs that are useful for it. The third difficult but important area
is improving the budget structure and inter-budget relations, due to
which the local authorities are currently lacking initiative and are
forced to ask for funding from higher authorities. The fourth is support
and development of education, which is in a very bad state, and the
fifth is a tough and systematic fight against corruption.
Chairman of the Omsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the
Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Karpov believes that the economy of
the Omsk region has always had moderate development. In the conditions
of a lack of finance in 2016, the military-industrial complex is
experiencing an upswing. The region's indicators are by no means the
lowest among similar ones in other regions, and the neighboring
Novosibirsk and Kurgan regions do not have twice as good qualities, as
Omsk residents think.
The development of the Omsk region is
declared as cluster-based, which is possible with competent
organization, taking into account the interests of all cluster
participants and reaching an economic compromise with all interested
parties, from ordinary residents to senior officials and business
owners. Karpov also believes that the region has no prerequisites for a
sharp rise, and it can achieve great success with the comprehensive
development of Siberia, and not on its own. He calls its main asset the
land, also noting petrochemical production and mechanical engineering.
The rural population as of 01.01.2020 is 521,782 people, about 27% of
the population of the Omsk region.
They grow grain, as well as
fodder and industrial crops; potatoes and vegetables. There is dairy and
beef cattle breeding, poultry farming and pig farming. Beekeeping,
animal husbandry and fur trade are developed.
In 2020, farmers of
the Omsk region produced products worth 100.5 billion rubles. Among the
Siberian regions, the Omsk region ranks second. Of the total volume of
agricultural products, 56.2 billion rubles came from crop production,
44.3 billion rubles from livestock farming.
The share of
agricultural organizations is 48.6% of the produced products, peasant
(farm) households 25.1% and households 26.3%. At the same time, crop
production and livestock farming are equally developed in agricultural
enterprises - 49.6% and 50.4%. And for peasant (farming) households and
individual entrepreneurs, crop production was a priority - 91.5% of the
total volume of production. Households, on the contrary, prefer
livestock farming - 66.3%.
The Barabinskaya steppe, located within the Novosibirsk and Omsk
regions, is the most important region for dairy farming, butter making
and agriculture in all of Western Siberia. Before 1917, the region was
famous for its butter making. However, now large areas of land are
plowed, the yield rarely exceeds 20 c/ha; reclamation work is underway
to drain swamps and improve meadow lands.
Almost 87% of the
arable land in the region requires additional application of
phosphorus-containing fertilizers. The soils of the northern zone are
almost 87% poor in potassium. Today, there has been a decrease in the
gross humus reserves in arable soils to 10-15% of the initial (from the
beginning of land development), especially in the south of the region.
In the region, 17% of all agricultural land requires restoration,
especially in the steppe and southern forest-steppe zones.
Based
on scientific research in 1986-1990, the volumes of manure application
increased to 2 t/ha and 40 kg/ha of mineral fertilizers. Much attention
was paid to chemical melioration: - liming of acidic soils, gypsum
application of solonetz soils. A positive balance was achieved for
phosphorus, which is one of the main nutrients that limit the yield of
agricultural crops. Liming work ceased in 1994, and gypsum application
since 1996. The application of mineral fertilizers in the last decade
has decreased by almost 40 times, and organic fertilizers by 5 times.
At the same time, the Tarsky district of the region has rich peat
deposits, the most valuable sapropel, bog marls and phosphates.
The number of cattle in farms of all categories (including
agricultural organizations) at the end of January 2021 is 351.3 (172.9)
thousand heads, of which 149.8 (68.8) thousand heads are cows, 361.8
(249.7) thousand heads are pigs, 220.9 (2.6) thousand heads are sheep
and goats, 5610.3 (4417.2) thousand heads are poultry.
The
production of meat and eggs is declining in the region, there are fewer
cows, chickens, pigs, sheep and goats. The trends for the industry are
disappointing. At the same time, milk production increased by 4.5% due
to the growth in the productivity of dairy cows (by 5%) in agricultural
organizations.
Milk production in 2020 amounted to 618 thousand
tons, 19th place among the regions of Russia (+1.4%). In 2019, each cow
in the region produces 3,945 kg of milk. The leaders in milk yield per
cow are Bolsherechensky, Omsky, Cherlaksky and Krutinsky districts of
the Omsk region. One cow here produces on average more than 5 thousand
kg of milk. In 2021, compared to 2020, the production of livestock and
poultry for slaughter in farms of all categories decreased by 6.6
percent, milk - by 1.5 percent, eggs - by 11.4 percent. At the same
time, milk yield per cow in agricultural organizations (excluding small
businesses) was 5,532 kilograms (in 2020 - 5,443 kg), the average egg
production of one laying hen was 295 eggs (in 2020 - 280 eggs).
In 2022, 3 million tons of grain and leguminous crops, 360 thousand
tons of oilseeds, 420 thousand tons of potatoes and 140 thousand tons of
vegetables were harvested. Soil drought and hot dry winds in 15 southern
districts of the region, where most of the grain harvest is collected,
led to a decrease in the grain harvest by 600 thousand tons. In 2022,
more than 2.7 million hectares were sown (+40 thousand hectares): 1.9
million hectares of grain and leguminous crops, 469.5 thousand hectares
of oilseeds, 5.1 thousand hectares of vegetables, and 20.9 thousand
hectares of potatoes. Traditionally, the grain yield in the Omsk region
is 35-36 c/ha. In 2022, 100 thousand hectares were damaged by dry winds,
260 thousand hectares by drought, the yield of winter rye was 14.2 c/ha,
winter wheat - 19.6 c/ha.
Omsk Region is the leader in Russia in
buckwheat yield - 13.1 c/ha, with an average of 10.0 c/ha in Russia. In
terms of gross harvest and sown area of flax, Omsk Region is the
leader in Russia, showing yields in the TOP-5 regions. In 2021, 5.7
thousand tons of flax were harvested out of a total gross harvest
throughout Russia of 25.5 thousand tons, with a yield of 9.4 c/ha.
In the Omsk region in 2017, the yield of buckwheat of the Pegas
variety was 38.2 c/ha, the Dasha variety 37.5 c/ha.
02/17/2022 A
new variety of spring wheat "Sigma 5" was created in the Omsk
Agricultural Research Center. Its yield is almost twice as high as the
standard: 60 centners per hectare instead of 30. The variety is adapted
to the harsh Siberian climate. The yield of "Sigma 5": average - 55.9,
maximum - 67.8 c/ha. Recommended for state variety testing in the Ural,
West Siberian and East Siberian regions of Russia.
The most important transport route is the Trans-Siberian Railway,
which connects to the Central Siberian Railway.
The following
highways pass through the Omsk region:
P254 "Irtysh" (former M51)
(part of the European route E 30 and the Asian route AH6),
M38 (part
of the European route E 127 and the Asian route AH60),
P402.
The city of Omsk is a major transport hub - it has an international
airport. There is a bus service to populated areas of the region, from
the city bus station.
As of January 18, 2019, the departmental register of registered non-profit organizations of the Office of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for Omsk Oblast contains information on 2,537 non-profit organizations, including 1,332 public associations (60 national associations, 46 regional branches of political parties, 328 trade unions, 55 children's and youth public associations), 308 religious organizations, 30 Cossack societies, 20 public associations of Cossacks. For example, regional branches of the political parties United Russia, A Just Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and others operate in Omsk Oblast.
In terms of the number of museums, Omsk Oblast ranks third in Siberia
after Krasnoyarsk Krai and Irkutsk Oblast. There are more than forty of
them (according to other estimates, more than 100 museums, including 7
state and 33 municipal). The museum collection comprises more than 550
thousand storage units.
The very first museum was founded in 1878
as a museum of the West Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian
Geographical Society — today it is the Omsk State Museum of History and
Local Lore. Other museums began to appear in the regional center and
districts during the Soviet era; the peak of museum emergence occurred
in the late 1980s — 1990s, when a program for the museumification of
Omsk Oblast was developed. Almost every municipal district has at least
one museum. The largest in Siberia is the Omsk Regional Museum of Fine
Arts named after M.A. Vrubel, on the basis of which it is planned to
open the Hermitage-Siberia Center. In 2013, the Omsk State Historical
and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Starina Sibirskaya" was created in the
Bolsherechensky District on the basis of the merger of three
institutions. The Bolsherechenskaya (as part of the museum-reserve
"Starina Sibirskaya"), Tavricheskaya, Tarskaya, Maryanovskaya and
Sherbakulskaya art galleries operate. From year to year, the exhibition
activity of museums is growing (for example, in 2008, 1308 exhibitions
were held, and in 2010 - 1529). In general, the situation with museums
in the Omsk Region is good, given the support of the regional
government, including in the research, education and educational
spheres.
In 2022, the 200th anniversary of the region was celebrated. For the anniversary, an educational Internet project "Omsk - to the very heart" was prepared, created by the Gigarama laboratory with the participation of the regional government and Gazprom Neft. It includes 12 video stories told by Omsk residents, including Governor Alexander Burkov. These stories are dedicated to Omsk industry, its architecture, high technology, cultural and sporting achievements. According to the creators, "the Gigarama laboratory learned everything about Omsk from its residents, saw the city from all angles, felt its rhythm, sensed its taste, breathed its air."
In 2016, there were 17 higher education institutions in the Omsk region (9 of which are state-owned, including Omsk State University named after Dostoevsky, Omsk State Technical University, Omsk State Agrarian University) and about ten branches. All universities in the Omsk region are located in Omsk, two branches of universities are open in Tara.
In October 1958, the first television program prepared at the Omsk Radio and Television Center was broadcast. The television center building and the 196-meter-high television tower were built on the territory of the agricultural institute, at the highest point in Omsk. In 1967, the Kurgan-Petropavlovsk-Omsk radio relay line was built, through which television "pictures" from Moscow began to arrive in Omsk. The first program that Omsk residents saw was a festive demonstration and a military parade dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Great October Revolution. In the 1990s, several television companies were created in Omsk, most often the broadcasting area covered Omsk and nearby areas of the region. In June 2019, broadcasting in analog format of federal television channels was stopped. 99.82% of the region's residents live in the coverage area of digital terrestrial television broadcasting. The remaining residents receive 20 publicly available television channels using satellite equipment. Before the arrival of digital, almost 67% of the region's residents could receive no more than five TV channels. Digital TV signal transmission is provided by 48 TV towers, 23 of which were built for digital TV signal broadcasting "from scratch".
Omsk Region has a sports infrastructure. As of January 1, 2019, 5,150
physical culture, health and sports facilities with a one-time capacity
of 136.6 thousand people operate for the population of Omsk Region.
Among them: 39 stadiums, 24 indoor arenas, 170 ski bases, 136 facilities
for shooting sports, 11 indoor sports facilities with artificial ice, 74
swimming pools, 1,206 sports halls, 2,708 flat structures.
The
region has the only state-owned cycling track beyond the Urals that
meets all world-class requirements, as well as the Rhythmic Gymnastics
Center. Pupils of the Olympic Reserve Training Center for Rhythmic
Gymnastics are among the leaders in winning Olympic medals.
On
September 1, 1945, the legendary Soviet hockey player, 1968 Olympic
champion, world and European champion, Honored Master of Sports of the
USSR Viktor Nikolaevich Blinov was born in Omsk. He began his career in
big-time sports in the Spartak hockey team.
On November 7, 1950,
the Avangard hockey club was founded in Omsk. Since 2008, it has been
playing in the Continental Hockey League. There are 77 regional
federations in 79 sports in the Omsk Region. For 2018-2022, 20 sports
have been approved as basic for the Omsk Region: 4 winter, 14 summer, 1
Paralympic and 1 Deaflympic. The region ranks third in the Siberian
Federal District in terms of the number of medals won at the Olympic and
Paralympic Games - 51 awards of various denominations.
Equestrian
sports are well-developed in the region. Omsk has the only full-fledged
hippodrome in Siberia, and a strong horse training school. The Omsk
Region Equestrian Team regularly participates in all-Russian
competitions, usually winning prizes. Regional competitions "Queen of
Sports" are held.
A special feature of the region is rural
equestrian sports, which are developing in Isilkul, the village of
Zvonarev Kut, in Maryanovsky, Azovsky, Lyubinsky, Gorky, Poltavsky,
Nizhneomsky, Cherlaksky, Omsky districts, as well as in Omsk itself.
The basis of the physical education and sports movement in the Omsk
Region is multi-stage Spartakiads among various categories of the
population. A special place among the Spartakiads is occupied by annual
regional rural sports and cultural holidays: the summer "Queen of
Sports" and the winter "Holiday of the North". Also, the visiting card
of the region is the Siberian International Marathon. This is an
official competition included in the All-Russian and international
calendars.
Olympic champions in the Omsk region:
Dvorny Ivan,
basketball (1972)
Komnatov Gennady, cycling (1972)
Shelpakov
Sergey, cycling (1980)
Barnashov Vladimir, biathlon (1980)
Mukhin
Yuri, swimming (1992)
Tishchenko Alexey, boxing (2004, 2008)
Kanaeva Evgeniya, rhythmic gymnastics (2008, 2012)
Aliychuk
Margarita, rhythmic gymnastics (2008)
Dudkina Kseniya, rhythmic
gymnastics (2012)
Biryukova Vera, rhythmic gymnastics (2016)