The Voronezh Region is located in the Central Black Earth Region. The
region has the oldest site of modern man in Europe - in the area of
the village of Kostenki in the Khokholsky district, Paleolithic sites
dating back to 30-45 thousand years ago were discovered.
In the
west, it borders on the Belgorod region, in the northwest - on Kursk, in
the north - on Lipetsk, in the northeast - on Tambov, in the east - on
Volgograd and Saratov, in the south - on Rostov, and in the southwest -
with Ukraine. Most of the region is a forest-steppe, but in the
southeast there is a steppe zone. The main river is the Don, 530 of its
1870 km flows through the territory of the region.
The Voronezh
Region is located in the temperate climate zone between 52° and 49°
north latitude.
Administratively, the region is divided into 31 municipal districts
and 3 urban districts (Voronezh, Novovoronezh, Borisoglebsky).
From a tourist point of view, it is more interesting to present the
region in terms of geographical and recreational division:
Podvoronezhye
Voronezh, Novovoronezh, New Usman, Semiluki, Ramon
The north-western part of the region, the vicinity of the city of
Voronezh. The historical core of the region. It includes a large
Usmansky forest, in which the Voronezh nature reserve is located.
Don region
Rossosh, Liski, Ostrogozhsk, Pavlovsk, Buturlinovka,
Bobrov, Kalach, Boguchar
The southern part of the region along the
great Russian river Don. For the most part, the steppe zone, with the
Shipov forest and Khrenovsky forest, the chalk mountains of Divnogorye
and Belogorye.
Prikhoperye
Borisoglebsk, Ertil, Anna,
Novokhopyorsk, Povorino
The eastern part of the region along the
Khoper River and its tributaries. Forest-steppe zone with a large
Tellerman forest, in which the Khopersky Reserve is located.
Voronezh
Bobrov
Boguchar
Borisoglebsk
Buturlynovka
Kalach
Liski
Novovoronezh
Novokhorysk
Ostrohozhsk
Pavlovsk
Povorino
Rossosh
Semiluky
Ertil
Divnogorye is a natural and
architectural reserve 30 km from Liski.
Ramon - a village with a
luxurious neo-Gothic manor-castle
Khopersky
Nature Reserve is one of the oldest reserves in the
system of Specially Protected Natural Territories of Russia.
Geographically located in the eastern part of the Voronezh region within
three administrative districts: Novokhopersky, Povorinsky and
Gribanovsky.
Kostenki Museum-Reserve (Kostenkovo-Borshchevsky Historical and
Cultural Archaeological Complex) , Voronezh Region, Kostenki village,
st. Kirova, 6a (by regular bus Voronezh-Aleksandrovka (Kostenki stop)
daily at 9:20.). ☎ +7 (473) 262-80-25. Open from May to November from
Wednesday to Sunday from 10:00 to 18:00, Saturday until 20:30. Days off:
Monday, Tuesday. from 100 to 300 rubles, preferential 50 rubles. The
Upper Paleolithic site has been studied since the 19th century to this
day. The museum exhibits archaeological and paleontological finds,
collected information from the life of mammoth hunters. The structure of
the reserve includes 7 Upper Paleolithic sites - "parking" with a total
area of 26105 sq.m. In the main building of the museum, you can see
tools and weapons of ancient hunters, a taxidermic sculpture of a
mammoth, and the remains of a real dwelling made of mammoth bones aged
20,000 years.
There is a children's archaeological club "Cave Lion"
(pre-registration by phone).
Beaver nursery and museum of nature
in the Voronezh Reserve, pos. Tolshi of the Verkhnekhavsky district (by
train from Voronezh in the direction of Usman, Gryazi or Ramon to
Grafskaya station or by bus No. 310 from the station square of the
Voronezh-1 station to the Zapovednik stop). 09:18, break from 13 to 14
without days off.
Museum of peasant life "Village of the XVII-XIX
centuries", Ertil. ✉ ☎ +7(906)583-30-61.
By car
On the territory of the Voronezh region are:
federal
highway E115 - M4 "Moscow-Novorossiysk";
federal highway E119 - P22
"Moscow-Astrakhan";
motorway E38 - A144 "Kursk-Saratov";
highway
R193 "Voronezh-Tambov";
highway R194 "Voronezh-Lugansk";
highway
P185 "Belgorod-Rossosh".
By train
In the Voronezh region there
are railways belonging to the South-Eastern Railway. The largest
stations are Liski, Rossosh, Povorino, Otrozhka, Voronezh-Kursky,
Pridacha, Voronezh-1, Talovaya. The main railway junctions are
Liskinsky, Povorinsky and Voronezhsky.
By plane
Arrival to
Voronezh is possible through the international airport "Voronezh". You
can get to the airport by direct flights from many cities in Russia,
Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, Israel, Germany, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Croatia, Belarus, Italy, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.
By bus
The website of the Voronezh Regiontras contains a schedule
of all officially registered intra-regional bus routes. Interregional
routes not listed on this site may also be useful.
The Voronezh Region is located in the upper reaches of the Don River, most of the territory was historically occupied by the steppe.
The territory of the Voronezh Region has been inhabited since the
Paleolithic era. Presumably, the Acheulean period dates back to the
finds of chipped quartzites discovered near the village of Shubnoye in
the Ostrogozhsky District.
The Mikulinsky interstadial (from 130
to 115 thousand years ago) dates back to a fragment of the right
shoulder blade of a fossilized modern man with a Neanderthaloid
component, found in the Shkurlat-III locality (named after the village
of Shkurlat 3rd, located at the edge of the Pavlovsky granite quarry) in
1980-1981.
Here, traces of the most ancient presence of Homo
sapiens on the Russian Plain are found (Kostenkovskie sites). At that
time, the Voronezh land was a periglacial tundra steppe, where mammoths,
woolly rhinoceroses and wild horses lived. The populations that lived in
these areas about 37-32 thousand years ago (Kostenki-14 (Markina Gora),
Kostenki-12) died out and are not ancestral to the current population of
either the Don region or the entire Russian Plain.
The Mesolithic
and Neolithic periods are poorly represented by archaeological finds and
are a "blank spot" in history.
The burial mound 6 on the Chernaya
Kalitva River near the Golubaya Krinitsa farm in the Rossoshansky
district belongs to the Eneolithic. Arrowheads with a distinct
stalk-nozzle, with continuous two-sided processing with flat jet-like
pressing retouching. Identical items were found in the Tereshkovsky Val
burial ground with the ancient Pit Grave culture, located 50 km
southeast of Golubaya Krinitsa. Points of a similar shape
(truncated-rhombic) are found in the cultural layers of settlements with
the Eneolithic "Dereivka" and Konstantinovskaya ceramics of the
Dnieper-Don interfluve: Dereivka, Vasilievsky Kordon-27, Razdorskoye I
layers 6-7, Rakushechny Yar layer 2A.
Near the Mostishche farm in
the Ostrogozhsky district there is a monument of the Bronze Age - a
stone labyrinth. The Mostishche labyrinth is the first known megalithic
structure in central Russia.
In the Bronze Age (2nd millennium
BC), cattle-breeding tribes of the Abashevo culture settled on the
territory of the region. In the Pavlovsky district, near the village of
Gavrilsk, burials of the post-Catacomb Babin culture of the Bronze Age
(22nd - 18th centuries BC) were found.
During the Iron Age, the
region became part of Scythia. Mostishchenskoye and Averinskoye
fortified settlements appeared on the Middle Don in the 6th century BC.
Scythian-era ceramics were discovered at the B. Borshevsky,
Arkhangelskoye and Storozhevsky fortified settlements, as well as on the
mountain near the village of Rudkino, which I. I. Lyapushkin dates to
the 5th - 2nd centuries BC. The Rossoshki 1 - "Kruttsy" fortified
settlement and the Averinskoye fortified settlement were burned during
an attack by nomadic Scythians. In the Ostrogozhsky district, in the
Scythian burial ground Devitsa V, dating to the 4th century BC, one
"Amazon" was buried in a ceremonial female headdress, a kalaf,
resembling a crown. In the burial mound 7 of the Devitsa-V burial
ground, an adult male was buried in a large Scythian tomb measuring 7.5
x 5 meters in a supine position, with his head to the south.
The
Scythians were replaced by the Sarmatians. It is assumed that they gave
the Don River its name. The descendants of the Sarmatians, the Alans,
switched to a sedentary lifestyle in the early Middle Ages and mastered
the skills of urban culture (Mayatskoye settlement), entering into a
complex symbiosis with nomads (Bulgars, Khazars). Near the village of
Berezovka in the Vorobyovsky district, burials of Alans from the
beginning of the Hunnic invasion - the end of the 4th century, as well
as several pots similar to the pottery of the Slavic Inyasevskaya
culture were discovered in two burial mounds.
The Slavic
Borshevskoye Zhivotinnoye settlement appeared on the cape of the right
bank of the Voronezh River in the second half of the 8th century.
The East Slavic Titchikhinskoye settlement in the Liski district was
founded in the 9th century.
9th-10th centuries. Mayatskoye
settlement (Saltovo-Mayatskoye culture).
In the 9th century, the
Slavs (Romny-Borshchevskaya culture) arrived in the region. According to
some sources, they created an independent state called Vantit on the
outskirts of the Khazar Khaganate.
The Slavic Belogorsky II
burial ground, located on a high large cape on the right bank of the
Voronezh River (Voronezh Reservoir) 9-10 km upstream from Voronezh, 1 km
upstream from the I Belogorsk settlement, dates back to the last
centuries of the 1st millennium AD and contains 565 burial mounds. The I
Belogorsk settlement was inhabited by Slavic and Alan-Bulgar ethnic
groups. Barley, oats and rye together make up 47.8% of the
paleoethnobotanical spectrum (by weight) of all crops in the Belogorsk
settlement. At 140 m from the 1st Belogorsk burial ground and 300 m from
the 1st Belogorsk settlement, burials transitional from the pagan rite
to the Christian one were discovered in Slavic burial mounds with the
head oriented to the west and west-northwest. No materials from the Old
Russian period were found either in the Belogorsk settlements or in
their environs. The Lysogorsk burial ground is located on the right bank
of the Voronezh River. A pot from burial mound No. 85, ornamented with
sparse polishing and lines, has analogies with vessels from Lysogorsk
burial mounds No. 7 and No. 10 and with a vessel from the Pastyrsky
settlement. In the utility pits under the burial mound, Borshevsky-type
ceramics were found (rims with notches and depressions along the edge
with an admixture of sand and chamotte. According to the burial rite and
accompanying inventory, burial mound No. 151 can be attributed to the
Borshevsky culture of the Eastern Slavs (VIII-X centuries).
The
raids of nomads (Pechenegs) prevented the settlement of the Voronezh
region, so the territory was called the Wild Field. Traces of Muslim
temples and mausoleums remain from the Golden Horde era. After the
collapse of the Golden Horde, the Nogai Trail was laid across the
territory of the Voronezh region, along which the khans of the Kuban
Nogai Horde raided Russian lands. Thousands of horsemen armed with
sabers and bows with arrows took part in large raids. The main objective
of the raids was to capture prisoners, who were sold into slavery
through Azov in the markets of the Ottoman Empire. At that At the same
time, the Christian population of the region, having adopted some
elements of the culture and gene pool of the nomads, formed the Cossacks
(Don Cossacks, Pristansky).
In 1585, Voronezh was founded on the site of a Cossack village as a
Moscow fortress on the border of the Wild Field. During the Time of
Troubles, battles between the "thieves'" Cossacks and the Moscow armies
took place here. The struggle between the Moscow center and the Cossack
outskirts continued in later times. In 1708, the Moscow Colonel Richman
defeated the Don Ataman Khokhlach in the Battle of Kurlak. However, the
history of the Voronezh region knows examples of the integration of
Cossacks into the Moscow state. Thus, in 1652, the Ostrogozhsky Slobod
Cossack Regiment was created. Until the 17th century (1645, 1659, 1674),
Tatar raids on the Voronezh land continued. By decision and with the
personal participation of Peter I, a shipyard for the construction of
the Russian fleet was created on Voronezh land in 1696 - a springboard
for the development of the Black Sea lands. From here, the Azov
campaigns of Peter I began. An admiralty, an armory and a citadel were
established in Voronezh. The territory began to be called
Slobozhanshchina. In 1711 (after the failed Prut campaign and the loss
of Azov), Voronezh became a provincial city, the administrative center
of the Azov province. In 1725, the province received the name Voronezh,
at which time the territories of the Tambov, Lipetsk and Donetsk regions
were subordinated to Voronezh.
In the fall of 1891 - summer of
1892, the territory of the Voronezh province became part of the main
zone of crop failure caused by drought (see Famine in Russia
(1891-1892)).
During the Civil War (mainly in 1919), armed units
of Soviet Russia and the South of Russia fought for the Voronezh land.
The White Guards took Voronezh twice: during Mamontov's Cavalry Raid
(August 31) and during Denikin's March on Moscow (October 6), but it was
subsequently recaptured (October 24) by Budyonny's Cavalry Army
(Voronezh-Kastornoye Operation (1919)). In the fall of 1920 - spring of
1921, a peasant uprising led by I. S. Kolesnikov took place against the
food tax and mobilization into the Red Army.
May 14, 1928 - The
Central Black Earth Region was formed by the Resolution of the
All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
In 1934, the Voronezh
Region was officially established. On September 27, 1937, the Tambov
Region was separated from the Voronezh Region. 5 districts were
transferred to the newly created Oryol Oblast.
During the Great
Patriotic War, the region became the scene of fierce battles. As a
result of Operation Blau, German troops captured the territory of the
region, and lost it during the Ostrogozhsk-Rossoshansk operation of
1943.
In 2012-2013, mass actions in defense of Khopra took place
in the Voronezh Oblast on the territory of the Novokhopyorsk District,
the city of Borisoglebsk, and the city of Voronezh.
The Voronezh
Oblast became one of the regions that suffered from the mutiny organized
by the Wagner PMC in 2023.
The Voronezh Region is located in the central strip of the European
part of Russia, in an extremely advantageous strategic location, in a
hub of transport communications going to the industrial regions of the
Russian Federation and the CIS countries. More than 50% of the country's
population lives within a radius (12 hours drive 80 km/h) of 960
kilometers around Voronezh (this is considered a cost-effective
transport "shoulder").
Neighboring regions: Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd,
Belgorod, Lipetsk, Saratov, Tambov, Kursk, Lugansk.
The area of
the region is 52.2 thousand km², which is about a third of the area of
the entire Chernozem region. The length of the region from north to
south is 277.5 km and from west to east is 352 km.
The territory
of the Voronezh region is larger than the territory of such European
countries as Denmark (43,098 km²), the Netherlands (41,526 km²),
Switzerland (41,284 km²), Belgium (32,545 km²), Slovakia (49,034 km²).
The Voronezh Region is located in the time zone designated by the international standard as the Moscow Time Zone (MSK). The difference with UTC is +3:00h.
The climate in the region is temperate continental with an average January temperature of −9 °C, July +20.5 °C and an average annual temperature of +4.5 °C in the northeast of the region to +7.5 °C in the extreme south. Precipitation falls from 600 mm in the northwest to 450 mm in the southeast. The climate of the region is also affected by the climate-separating axis (Voyeikov axis) running from the Baikal region, Altai and Mongolia through Kazakhstan, passing the Voronezh region from the east from the Saratov region and crossing the eastern and central regions north of Borisoglebsk, going beyond the region in the Ostrogozhsky district. In spring, it rises on average to the south of the Tambov, Lipetsk, Kursk regions. At the end of May, the polar front comes out to the southeast of the region, which rises to the northwest of the Voronezh region in early August, or sometimes goes beyond it completely.
Most of the region is a forest-steppe, but in the southeast there is
a vast steppe zone. A feature of the region is the presence of a number
of large tracts of predominantly coniferous forests (pine forests), as
well as oak forests, despite the fact that this type of vegetation is
not typical for the southern regions of Russia.
Chernozems
predominate among the soils.
There are 738 lakes and 2408 ponds
on the territory of the region, 1343 rivers with a length of more than
10 km flow. The main river is the Don, 530 of its 1870 km flows through
the territory of the region, forming a basin with an area of 422,000
km².
The mineral resource base of the Voronezh region is represented by deposits of non-metallic raw materials, mainly building materials (sands, clays, chalk, granites, cement raw materials, ocher, limestone, sandstone), especially in the western and southern regions of the region. On the territory of Semiluksky, Khokholsky and Nizhnedevitsky districts of the region there are reserves of phosphorites. The region has large reserves of chalk. The Voronezh region has significant reserves of nickel, copper and platinum, the deposits of which were developed by UMMC in 2012.
According to the structure of the economy, the Voronezh region is
industrial-agrarian. The sector of specialization of the region is the
food industry (27%; the industry specializes in the production of
granulated sugar, oil-fat and meat products), the second place is
occupied by mechanical engineering and metalworking (23%), the third
place is the power industry (18%). The industry is dominated by
mechanical engineering, electric power, the chemical industry, and
industries for the processing of agricultural raw materials; they
account for 4/5 of the total industrial output.
In terms of GRP
growth, for the first time in more than 20 years, the Voronezh Region
entered the top five most dynamically developing regions of Russia.
In 2017, the Agency for Strategic Initiatives compiled a national
rating of the state of the investment climate, in which the Voronezh
Region rose to seventh place in the Russian Federation. For the first
time in recent history, the Voronezh Region ranked first among all
regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the industrial production
index, which amounted to ↗129.4% in 2012.
The structure of the
Voronezh urban agglomeration includes the cities of Novovoronezh,
Semiluki, the village of Ramon (tourism), with. New Usman.
Rossosh (60,879 people) is the second largest city in the region. Known
for the production of chemical fertilizers, lime, polymer films,
processing of agricultural products.
Borisoglebsk (60,687 people)
- specializes in the production of chemical equipment and the processing
of agricultural products. There is a large-scale production of hosiery
and knitwear.
Liski (54,147 people) - is known as one of the
largest railway junctions in Russia and the processing of agricultural
products.
As of January 1, 2021, the rural population is 738,562 people, 32% of
the population of the Voronezh region.
In general, the profile of
agriculture is with sunflower and grain crops, dairy and meat cattle
breeding, pig breeding and sheep breeding. The region's very fertile
black soil is close to the Black Sea export terminals, making it
convenient to supply grain to major wheat importers in North Africa and
the Middle East, such as Turkey and Egypt.
The volume of
agricultural production in 2020 amounted to 214.0 billion rubles. Index
99.3%.
As of January 1, 2020, there were 489.8 thousand heads of cattle in
farms of all categories, including 186.2 thousand heads of cows, 1418.4
thousand pigs, 211.9 thousand sheep and goats, 4.3 thousand horses,
11865 thousand birds.
In 2020, farms of all categories produced
552.3 thousand tons (+2.7%) for slaughter of livestock and poultry
(+2.7%), the Voronezh region took 1st place in the Central Federal
District in terms of milk production 1,023.1 thousand tons (+4.3%), egg
production amounted to 760 million eggs (+0.3%).
In 2020, the
average milk yield per cow is 7,837 kg (+345 kg).
In 2013, 372.2
thousand tons of meat were produced. In 2014, 925.6 million eggs were
produced. Milk production in 2013 755.7 thousand tons. In 2014, it
increased by 4.2% to ↗788 thousand tons, according to this indicator,
the Voronezh Region ranks first in the Central Federal District. Milk
yield in 2014 increased by 10.9% and amounted to 5545 kg. The leaders in
terms of keeping livestock per 100 hectares of agricultural land are
Liskinsky district, Ramonsky district, Bobrovsky district and
Verkhnekhavsky district.
The main resource of the region is ordinary, as well as powerful and
fat chernozems, which occupy the main part of the region's territory.
The Voronezh Region is a major supplier of agricultural products: it
produces grain, mainly wheat, sugar beet, sunflower and other industrial
crops, potatoes and vegetables.
The sown area in 2019 is 2638.5
hectares, of which 1508.1 hectares are cereals.
The harvest of
grain and leguminous crops in 2020 was a record for the entire history
of field crops in the region, amounting to 6 million tons. The average
yield in 2015-2020 exceeded the average values of 2000-2010 by 15
centners and amounted to 40 q/ha. 70% of the examined grain is food
grade (of which 41% is the fourth grade, 27% is the third, 2% is the 1st
and 2nd grades), 30% is forage.
The Voronezh region is the leader
in Russia in terms of buckwheat yield, yielding only to the Kursk region
and the Kemerovo region with an indicator of 10.7 centners per hectare.
In 2014, the Voronezh region took first place in Russia in terms of
the gross potato harvest in farms of all categories, 1.757 million tons
of potatoes were harvested. The beet sugar complex of the Voronezh
region for the production of beet sugar is the largest in the Chernozem
region. For the first time in the history of agriculture in the region
in 2011, record-breaking harvests of sugar beet (factory) were obtained
- 6 million 992 thousand tons (3.9 times more than in 2010).
In the southern quarter of the region, a special agricultural region with southern-type chernozems stands out: the frost-free period here increases to 240 or more days, the HTC with an isotherm of +10 ° C rises to 3000 or more ° C, and snow cover does not form at all in some winters. In this region, it is possible to grow cultivars of grapes, walnuts, peaches, persimmons, winter-hardy forms of figs, the shrub forms of which tolerate frosts down to -16 ° C.
The industry is dominated by mechanical engineering, the chemical
industry and the processing of agricultural raw materials; they account
for 4/5 of the total industrial output. The industry of the region
specializes in the production of machine tools, metal bridge structures,
forging and pressing and mining and processing equipment, electronic
equipment, passenger airbus aircraft (see the Russian aviation
industry), synthetic rubber and tires, and refractory products. Missile
technology: KBKhA, Gribanovsky Machine-Building Plant (p.g.t.
Gribanovsky)
A number of enterprises operate on the basis of
explored mineral raw materials in the Voronezh region, the largest of
which are Pavlovsk Nerud OJSC, Voronezh Mining Administration OJSC,
Semiluk and Voronezh building materials plants, the Eurocement group
holding, Kopanishchensky Building Materials Plant CJSC, Zhuravsky ocher
factory” and many others. Mineral underground waters are being developed
in the region.
Power industry
As of December 2020, three power
plants with a total capacity of 4,262.9 MW were operating in the
Voronezh Region, including one nuclear power plant and two thermal power
plants. In 2019, they produced 22,807 million kWh of electricity. A
feature of the region's energy sector is the sharp dominance of one
power plant, the Novovoronezh NPP, which accounts for more than 90% of
all electricity generation.
Automotive
On the territory of the Voronezh region are:
federal
highway E 115-M4 "Moscow-Novorossiysk";
federal highway E 119-R22
"Moscow-Astrakhan";
motorway E 38-R298 "Kursk-Saratov";
highway
R193 "Voronezh-Tambov";
Highway P194 "Voronezh-Lugansk".
highway
P185 "Belgorod-Rossosh".
highway P196 "P194 - Podgornoye - M4".
Railway
In the Voronezh region there are railways owned by
Russian Railways and related to the South-Eastern Railway.
The
main highways run in the meridional direction from the Grafskaya station
to the Gartmashevka station (center - south) and in the latitudinal
direction from the Zasimovka station to the Kardail station (Kharkov -
Penza) and intersect at the Liski station. These are double-track
electrified on alternating current with a voltage of 25 kV, to which
single-track dead-end branches Grafskaya - Anna, Kolodeznaya -
Novovoronezhskaya, Rossosh - Olkhovatka adjoin; Talovaya - Buturlinovka
- Kalach / Pavlovsk-Voronezhsky and electrified Grafskaya-Ramon.
Also, main single-track diesel-powered lines pass through the territory
of the region: these are the Voronezh-Kursk directions from the Otrozhka
station to the Nizhnedevitsk station (with the Veduga-Khokholskaya
branch) and Gryazi-Volgograd from the Ternovka station to the Duplyatka
station, as well as a small part of the Oborona-Ertil branch.
The
total length of railway lines in the region is more than 1100 km.
The largest stations are Liski, Rossosh, Povorino, Otrozhka,
Voronezh-Kursky, Pridacha, Voronezh-1, Talovaya, Podkletnoye. The main
railway junctions are Liskinsky, Povorinsky and Voronezhsky. Locomotive
depots - Otrozhka (electric trains ED9M, ED9T and diesel trains RA2,
motorcars ACh2), Liski (freight electric locomotives VL80 of various
indexes), Rossosh (passenger electric locomotives ChS4T and EP1M).
Water
The main transport water arteries of the region are the
rivers Don (navigable below Lisok) and Khoper (navigable below
Novokhopyorsk). The length of navigable inland waterways for 2019 is 580
km. The only river port in the region is located on the Don River in
Liski; the port in Voronezh on the river of the same name (navigable in
the lower reaches) does not function due to the shallowing of the Don
River.
Region budget
Budget revenues for 2023 will amount to
156.7 billion rubles; expenses of 170.6 billion rubles.
Tax
payments to the federal budget of the region in 2013 amounted to 102
billion rubles.
Gross regional product of the Voronezh region,
billion rubles.
The region has significant recreational and tourism potential, which has not been fully realized. In addition to the pine forests and oak forests in the valley of the Voronezh River, known for their beneficial effects on humans, the most famous historical and cultural monument in the region, popular so far mainly among local tourists, is Divnogorye, which is an Orthodox church hollowed out by Russian monks in the thickness of a huge chalk mountain on banks of the Tikhaya Pine River in the Liskinsky district. There are many summer and winter tourist bases, sanatoriums, reserves and reserves in the region. In the area of the village of Kostenki, Khokholsky district, there is a Paleolithic monument Markina Gora (37 thousand years old), which is part of the Kostenkovsky complex of sites.
The average monthly salary in 2017 is 28 thousand rubles, the average
pension is 12.4 thousand rubles.
In 2019, regional budget
expenditures are planned at the level of 117 billion rubles, revenues -
108.6 billion rubles. According to the results of 2018, the revenue part
of the budget was executed in the amount of 113.1 billion rubles, of
which 30.9 billion rubles were gratuitous receipts.
On the territory of the Voronezh region, sports and recreational fishing is actively developing, large fishing grounds contribute to this - the four largest rivers of the region: Don, Voronezh, Khoper and Bityug, and a large number of artificial ponds are rich in a wide variety of fish: pike, pike perch, carp (carp), catfish , crucian carp, perch, tench, rudd, roach, bleak, biryuk, bream, silver bream, asp, blue bream, ide, chub, dace, ruff, podust, shemaya, grass carp, burbot (currently quite rare and included in the regional Red Book ), trout and sturgeon, which are rare for these places, are sometimes found in the ponds.
Once every five years, postage stamps with symbols of several Russian
regions are issued in the Russian Federation.
In 2009, the
Voronezh region also became one. To choose what will be depicted on the
stamps, a competition was held, to which employees of the Voronezh main
post office sent about 50 sketches. Among them were images of the
monument to Peter I, the Assumption Church, Admiralteyskaya Square, etc.
As a result, the Oldenburgsky Palace, the chalk mountains near the
village of Storozhevoye and the flying Il-96 aircraft, symbolizing the
Voronezh Aviation Plant, were chosen.
A postage stamp of the
USSR was also issued, dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the capital
of the region - the city of Voronezh.
Order of Lenin (March 15, 1935) - for outstanding success over a
number of years in the field of agriculture, as well as in the field of
industry.
Order of Lenin (December 17, 1956) - for the initiative
taken to implement ahead of schedule the decisions of the XX Congress of
the CPSU on increasing the production and delivery of livestock products
to the state, and the successful fulfillment of the obligations assumed.
Voronezh region in numismatics
In 2008, the Central Bank of the
Russian Federation issued a coin (3 rubles, 925 silver, proof) from the
Architectural Monuments of Russia series with the image on the reverse
of the Assumption Admiralty Church (XVII century) in Voronezh.
In
2009, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued a coin (3
rubles, 925 silver - 999 gold, proof) from the Russian Architectural
Monuments series with the image of the Pokrovsky Cathedral in Voronezh
on the reverse.
In 2011, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
issued a coin (10 rubles, brass / cupronickel, uncirculated) from the
Russian Federation series with the emblem of the Voronezh region on the
reverse.
In 2011, the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus issued
a coin (20 rubles, silver Ag 925, proof) from the series "The World of
Sculpture" ("Paleolithic Venus. Kostenki") with the image on the reverse
of the oldest figurine of the Paleolithic Venus (found in the village of
Kostenki, Voronezh region) , which symbolizes the goddess of fertility.
In 2012, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued a coin (10
rubles, steel with brass plating, uncirculated) from the City of
Military Glory series with the image of the coat of arms of Voronezh on
the reverse