Nitra

Nitra (German: Nyitra, German: Neutra) is a city located in the Nitra region, approximately 90 km east of the capital Bratislava. The Nitra river of the same name flows through it. The panorama of Nitra is made up of seven hills: from the north rises Zobor hill, Hradná skala, Vŕšok, Kalvária, Borina, Ľupka together with Martinský vrch. The first confirmed historical references are from the year 828. The planet (9543) Nitra is named after her. With a population of 77,610, it is the fifth largest city in Slovakia.

 

Getting here

By plane

At the moment there are no scheduled services at the small Nitra airport near the village of Janíkovce south of the city.

The nearest scheduled airports are Bratislava (80 km west), Vienna (135 km west) and Budapest (195 km south-east).

 

By train

The Nitra train station is located about 1.5 km south of the city center. The route to Nitra is not electrified, so the town can only be reached by slow regional trains.

There are train connections every two hours with Hlohovec/Leopoldov (every two hours; travel time 50 minutes) and Nové Zamky (45 minutes).

From the directions of Bratislava and Trenčín you have to change trains in Leopoldov near Hlohovec. The journey from Bratislava takes 1:45 hours (the fastest connection), from Trnava 1:10 hours, from Trenčín about 2–2½ hours.

Coming from Komárno or Budapest you have to change trains in Nové Zamky and it takes a total of 1:25 hours (Komárno) or 2:40 hours (Budapest).

From Vienna it takes at least 3:15 hours (change trains in Bratislava and Leopoldov)

 

In the street

Nitra is on the E58, E552. The R1 expressway has been built like a highway between Trnava and Banská Bystrica. In Trnava there is a connection to the D1 motorway.

Recommended exits from the R1 expressway:
Exit 39 Nitra západ and further via the feeder road R1A to the center (coming from the west)
Exit 45 Nitra juh to the I/64 trunk road: Žilina - Topoľčany - Nitra - Nové Zamky - Komárno
Exit 51 Nitra východ (coming from the east)
The 90 km journey from Bratislava takes about an hour. For the 165 km from Vienna, a journey time of 1:45 to two hours is to be expected; it is about the same distance from Budapest, but due to the lack of motorway connections it takes more than two hours.

 

Local transport

The city bus network is operated by Arriva Nitra. The network also includes the neighboring municipalities of Branč, Ivanka pri Nitre, Lužianky, Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce and Štitáre.

In the center there is a small pedestrian zone, the best way to get around here is of course on foot.

 

Name

Development of names:
828 Nitraua
880 Nitra
1111 Nitria
1158 Nitra, Nitria
1198 Nithria, Nithria
1211 Nitria, Nitra
1214 Nitra
1223 Nitria, Nitra
Etymology: It is unclear whether the name Nitra is Slavic. The original name, Nitrava, can also be from Kvad.

 

Monuments

Nitra Castle, the dominant feature of the city, as the most famous cultural monument. The castle complex consists of the cathedral, bishop's palace, fortification walls and farm buildings. Confirmed written reports about the castle come from the year 871, and records in the Moorish Chronicle from the middle of the 11th century already mention the Basilica of St. Emerám, which is still part of the castle complex. From the 11th century, it was rebuilt in the 15th century and modified in the Baroque period. Since 1962, the set of castle buildings has been a national cultural monument.

Archaeological sites
Nitra - castle
Nitra – Zobor hill
Nitra – Martinský vrch
Nitra - Cat Castle
Nitra – Lupka
Nitra – Šindolka

 

Churches and parishes

Roman Catholic Church
Basilica of St. Emeráma, the cathedral church of the Diocese of Nitra
a complex of three temple buildings of different ages:
– Romanesque church, 11th century, also called Pribin's chapel
– Upper church, originally Gothic, 14th century
– Lower church, 17th century
Nitra – Dolné Mesto parish
parish church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, 19th century
Church of All Saints, Kynek, 18th century
church of St. Cyril and Methodius, Millers, 20th century
Piarist Church of St. Ladislav, 18th century
Nitra – Horné Mesto parish, the territory of the parish also includes the Nitra Castle with the Cathedral of St. Emeráma
Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul, 13th century
Nitra – Dolné Krškany parish
parish church of St. Andrew the Apostle, 18th century
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Horné Krškany, 13th century
Parish of Nitra – Dražovce
parish church of St. František Xaverský, 19th century
church of St. Michael the Archangel, 12th century
Nitra – Chrenová parish
church of St. Martina
Nitra – Janíkovce parish (the parish also includes the village of Čechynce)
Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul
Nitra – Kalvária parish
Parish Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, 12th century
Nitra – Klokočina parish
parish church of St. Gorazda, ordained in 2007
Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Párovské Háje
church of St. Urbana, Čermáň, 18th century
Parish of Nitra – Zobor
parish church of St. Urbana, 18th century
Greek Catholic Church
Nitra parish
church of St. Štefan Kráľ, Párovce, 10th century
Evangelical Church
Nitra Evangelical Church Choir
Church of the Holy Spirit, 1995
Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia
Nitra Reformed Church Choir
Church of the Reformed Christian Church, 1911
Defunct churches and monasteries
church of St. Martina, on Martinko Hill (Nitra – Chrenová), 9th – 11th century, demolished in 1911
Abbey of St. Hyppolito na Zobor, Benedictine monastery, ruins, 9th century,
The monastery and church of the Kamaldus on Zobor, Zobor hill, the ruins of the church of St. Jozef, 17th century.

 

Galleries

ART Gallery
AKCENT small gallery
Nitra gallery
Ján Plesník Exhibition Hall

Libraries
Regional library of Karol Kmeťka in Nitra
Slovak Agricultural Library at SPU in Nitra
UKF University Library in Nitra
Library of the Priestly Seminary in Nitra
Diocesan library

Theaters
There are 2 theaters in Nitra, namely the Andrej Bagar Theater (DAB) and the Karol Spišák Old Theater (the original puppet theater). The beginnings of theatrical art in Nitra date back to 1883, when the first Nitra theater was built. It stood on the site of today, but during the Second World War it was destroyed and the theater played in temporary premises until 1992, when the new building on Svätopluk Square was completed. The name Divadlo Andreja Bagar has been carried by the Nitra theater since 1979. It was named after the important Slovak actor and director - Andrej Bagar.

 

Museums

Diocesan Museum of Nitra
Mission Museum
Ponitrian Museum Nitra
Slovak Agricultural Museum in Nitra

 

Cinemas

CINE-MAX Nitra
Mlyny Cinemas

 

Events

Klokočinský yarmok - Every year, on the last weekend of the summer holidays, a three-day relaxing event called Klokočinský yarmok takes place in the Nitra settlement Klokočina, which includes various merry-go-rounds, adrenaline attractions and buffets with refreshments, as well as various musical concerts and a farewell fireworks display on the last day of the event. .
Divadelná Nitra – an event organized in cooperation with the Andrej Bagar Theatre
Slime
Nitra university days
Nitra cultural summer
Cyril-Method celebrations
Christmas town (Christmas markets)
Nitra, dear Nitra
Night of museums and galleries
Nitra musical spring
Nitra musical autumn
Bažant cinematographer

 

Location

The city is located in the Podunajska uplands, on the Nitra river at the southern edge of the Tribeč mountain range. To the north of the city rises Zobor hill with a transmitter and several viewing terraces. The town has long been a crossroads of roads from the west (R1 from Trnava and II/513 from Hlohovec), north (I/64 from Topoľčian and II/593 from Partizánské), east (R1 and I/65 from Zlaté Moraviec and I/51 from Vrábieľ ) and the south (I/64 from Nové Zámki and II/562 from Šala). The railway lines Nové Zámky – Prievidza and Leopoldov – Kozárovce cross near the town. Trnava lies 47 km west, Topoľčany 35 km north, Zlaté Moravce 29 km east and Nové Zámky 37 km south. Bratislava is located 87 km southwest and is connected to Nitra by an expressway.

 

Parts of the city

Urban districts
: Čermáň, Diely, Dolné Krškany, Dražovce, Horné Krškany, Chrenová, Janíkovce, Klokočina, Kynek, Mlynárce, Párovské Haje, Staré mesto, Zobor

Housing estates
Diely, Chrenová, Klokočina, Párovce

Settlements
Jurský dvor, Lukov Dvor, Mikova Ves, Orechov Dvor

Watercourses
River Nitra
Tributaries: Dobrotka, Selenec and Radošinka
Little Nitra arm

 

History

Nitra is a city of extraordinary historical importance. The beginnings of its settlement date back to prehistoric times, as documented by numerous archaeological finds in the city. Already 30,000 years ago, it was a densely populated area. Settlements of the first peasant inhabitants were already on the territory of the city almost 6,000 years ago.

The remains of Hradisko Zobor - a national cultural monument - have been preserved from the period 3000 years ago. It is bordered by an embankment almost 2 km long and 7 m high in places. The emergence of the castle is connected with the people of Lusatian culture.

The area of today's Nitra was an important center of the Celts (already several centuries before our era), later of the Germans and finally of the Slavs. Old Slovenian Nitra was not only an early feudal town, but also an important political, economic and cultural center of the Great Moravian Slovenes. It was the seat of the first known rulers of today's Slovakia - the Germanic tribes of the Kváds (around 396 AD, disputed) and from the 8th century to 1108 the seat of the Principality of Nitra.

Excavations of richly equipped burials date back to the 9th century. An archaeological survey documented the existence of several Romanesque church buildings.

In the first third of the 9th century, Prince Pribina resided here, the city was then one of the centers of Great Moravia. The Nitra agglomeration was larger than today's city during the Great Moravian and Upper Moravian periods. Nitra is home to the first known Christian church in Central and Eastern Europe, which was built in 828. Nitra was the seat of the first diocese (since 880). The castles were surrounded by extensive earthen ramparts, often combined with stone walls and various wooden structures. Individual forts probably had different functions – organizational and administrative centers or craft centers, but also refuges in times of unrest. It was on one of them, most likely on the castle hill, that Nitra region was already ruled by Rastislav Svätopluk. In the early Middle Ages, the city experienced its heyday during the reign of Svätopluk, who was the prince of Nitra from about 850 to 871 and then the ruler of Great Moravia until 894. During his reign, Nitra also consisted of five fortified settlements and twenty marketplaces, which testifies to its importance.

Between the 9th and 10th centuries, several churches already stood in Nitra and its surroundings: Nitriansky hrad, Párovce, Nitrianska Blatnica, Lupka, Zobor and Kostoľany pod Tribečom. Beyond the city limits were other Great Moravian settlements – Chrenová, Lupka, Branč, Vráble and Zlaté Moravce. Saints Cyril and Methodius, the creators of the Glagolitic alphabet (the predecessor of the Cyrillic alphabet), actively participated in the development of the church. The basilica that was discovered under the Nitrian Castle is perhaps the first Christian church of the Western and Eastern Slavs from 828. After the demise of Great Moravia, the city of Nitra and the Nitrian Castle were gradually subject to conquest, systematic ruination in wars and anti-Habsburg estate uprisings.

From the end of the 10th century (except 1001 – 1030) the city belonged to the Arpád family, around 1083 or 1100 the Bishopric of Nitra was restored. In 1248, Nitra became a royal city, but forty years later, the king donated the city and the castle to the bishops of Nitra. The transformation of Nitra from a royal city to a feudal city had far-reaching consequences. The city fell into a lower legal category, but as a bishop's seat and an important castle, it continued to be an important center.

In 1633/34, it was occupied by the Turks during their conquests.

From the middle of the 18th century, Nitra was spared military hardships, which enabled the restoration of the city and the renovation of the castle, especially the cathedral.

As a result of building development, the population exceeded 10,000 in the 19th century and administration became more complex. In 1873, Nitra became a city with an established municipality headed by a mayor and numerous municipal councils. The further development of the city was strongly influenced by two world wars. In the new Czecho-Slovak Republic, Nitra became the county seat. After the Second World War, there was a period of turbulent construction development, during which many architectural monuments were destroyed and Nitra lost its Jewish city for good. However, Nitra acquired many schools, scientific and cultural institutions and became the center of Slovak agricultural education, science and production.

 

Bombing of Nitra 26.3.1945

On Monday, March 26, 1945, at 8:15 a.m. in the morning, the alarm sirens announced an air raid on Nitra. A few minutes later, Russian fighter jets penetrated over the Nitra, which fired at the anti-aircraft batteries with onboard weapons until they were completely neutralized. Shortly thereafter, three waves of Pe-2 bombers (42 units) arrived and began bombing the city. They dropped 166 bombs on Nitra. Fighters fired at everything that moved. Allegedly, the aim of the bombing was to attack part of the barracks and Párovce. However, the bombs also hit Farská, Kupecká and the then Hlavná streets, today Štefániková class and the area in front of the main post office, the theater and the market, Podhradie and the provost building. The result was the massacre of the defenseless crowd, including children. 345 mostly civilians were killed. On this day, a fair was held in Nitra, so the streets of the city were full of people. Among the victims were only 13 soldiers - 8 soldiers of the Slovak army and 5 soldiers of the Wehrmacht, the other victims were civilians: residents of Nitra, passing refugees and cross-country visitors to the pre-Easter market from the surrounding villages. 48 buildings were destroyed, 289 buildings were heavily damaged by bombs and 430 buildings were less damaged. The question of who and why ordered the bombing of Nitra, when the German army was not there at the time, remains unanswered. The archival service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation refused to provide any information after 1991.

 

The media

Television regional news:
TV Central
TV Nitrička
Media center FF UKF in Nitra
Nitra 4ever
Regional radio stations broadcasting from Nitra:
Radio Max
Radio One
Radio Plus
Newspaper regional coverage:
Real estate newspaper
MY newspaper
Sorry
Nitra Echo
Nitra newspaper
Nitra Okhlas
Nitra-Zlatomoravecko
Correspondent
Regional newspaper
Sometimes bad weather
Internet regional news:
Nitralive
Nitra 24
Patriot
My Nitra
NitraDen
Nitra 4ever

 

Sport

Clubs

Football - club FC Nitra has been playing again in the Corgoň League since 2005, where in the 2007/2008 season under the leadership of Pavel Hapal, they won a historic 3rd place.
Hockey - club HK Nitra plays in the Tipsport extra league, where in the 2005/2006 season it became the winner of the regular part and took the final 3rd place in the play-offs, in the 2015/2016 season it became the winner of the play-offs and took 1st place.
HBK Nitrianski rytieri Nitra hockey club was founded in 2010. It plays in the men's Slovak hockey extra league. In the years 2010-2015, HBK Nitrianski rytieri Nitra were the champions of Slovakia 5 times. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, HBK Nitrianski Knights of Nitra won the Czechoslovak Super Cup in hockey. In 2015, HBK Nitrianski rytieri Nitra had one of their biggest successes within reach. However, at the Club World Cup 2015, which was played on the sideline of the winter stadium in Nitra, they lost to the Oberwil Rebels 2:3 in the final and took the final 2nd place.
Basketball – the club EDYMAX SPU Nitra plays in the Slovak basketball extra league. where in the seasons 2005/2006, 2008/2009 he won the title of champion of the Slovak Republic, always under the guidance of coach Dr. Ľubomír Urban.
American football – Club Nitra Knights. The club was founded in 1997 and is among the oldest clubs in this sport in Slovakia.
Golf – the RED OAK Golf Club golf course near Nitra with an 18-hole golf resort
Athletics – athletics includes the clubs AC Stavbár Nitra and ŠK ŠOG Nitra. The clubs were founded after the dissolution of the ŠK AC ŠOG Nitra club
Wrestling - clubs TJ AC Nitra and ZK Corgoň Nitra
Darts - Dart club Nitra - its Extraliga team Garmond Nitra is the current (2020/2021) Champion of Slovakia in team steel darts.

 

Sports fields

Nitra Winter Stadium (NITRA ARENA)
Hockey hall Klokočina
Football stadium
Tennis courts Chrenová
Green Club Nitra
TCN Nitra
City bath Nitra
Summer swimming pool
Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
University of Konstantin Filofoz Nitra
Gymnasium, Párovská 1, Nitra
City hall
Athletic stadium
Nitra Sports Gymnasium, Slančíková 2
Dart game in Palace bowling in ZOC MAX
RED OAK Golf Club, Golfova 1 Nira-Lužianky

 

Economy and infrastructure

Important companies
Agrokomplex-Výstavisko Nitra (subsidized organization)
Cety Nitra, Groupe Colas
Oil Slovakia (known under the brand name Aral)
Parapetrol
Plastic
Grease industry Nitra
DYNAMICS
Nitra wine
Foxconn Electronics
Visteon
ICS Industrial Cables Slovakia
Giesecke & Devrient
ELEKTROMAT Nitra
M-Trade Slovakia
G-U Slovakia
SEBN Slovakia (formerly Volkswagen Slovakia a.s.)
Aeropro s.r.o.
Muehlbauer Technologies s.r.o.
Tino Vision
MrCode s.r.o.
Jaguar Land Rover

 

Transportation

rail transport
There is one main railway station and 5 railway stops in Nitra (Dolné Krškany, Dražovce, Mlynárce and Nitra stop). In 2016, the reconstruction and electrification of line 141 in the section Leopoldov – Lužianky and line 140 in the section Lužianky – Šurany, which also includes the section through the city of Nitra, was planned, but its implementation was postponed.

The narrow-gauge Nitrian Field Railway has been operating in the grounds of the Agrokomplex Exhibition Center and the Slovak Agricultural Museum since 1985.

Traffic
Two main European roads E58 and E571 and three first-class roads 51, 64 and 65 pass through the city. In 2011, the long-awaited section of the R1 expressway was opened together with the Nitra bypass, which connected Nitra with cities such as Bratislava, Trnava, Zvolen and Banská Bystrica. In 2020, the construction of the R8 expressway, which will connect Nitra, R1 and R2 (Topoľčany, Bánovce nad Bebravou, Trenčín, Partizánske and Prievidza), is to begin.

City transport
Public transport (public transport) is highly developed, providing a high level of connection between the city center, city districts, industrial areas, but also surrounding municipalities (28 lines). From 2022, only modern wheelchair accessible vehicles with air conditioning will operate in Nitra. Transport is provided by the French company Transdev.

Cycling transport
There are currently 12 km of cycling routes built in Nitra, the longest of which is on the embankment around the Nitra River. In the future, it is planned to extend the existing network to 28 km, which would enable the expansion of such ecological transport.

Air Transport
There is an airport of regional significance in the Janíkovce district, where Aeroklub Nitra is also based.

 

Education

Preschool education
Kindergartens: Alexy, Bazovský, Beethovenov, Belopotocký, Benkov, Čajkovský, Dolnočermánská, Hospodárska, Ľ. Okánika, Mostná, Nábrežie mládeje (class for children with mental disabilities), Novomeského, Okružná, Piaristická (class for children with visual impairments), Platanová, Rázusova, Staromlynská, Štefánikova, Štiavnická (class for children with hearing and speech impairments), T Vansovéj, Topoľová, Za Humnami, Zvolenská, Golianova, Párovská

Primary schools
Piaristicka Elementary School Sv. Jozef Kalazanský, Piaristická 6
ZŠ Beethovenova 1
ZŠ Benkova 34
ZŠ Cabajská 2
ZŠ Fatranská 14
Elementary school Knieža Pribina, Andrej Šulgan 1
Elementary School Kráľa Svätopluk, Drážovská 6
ZŠ Krčméryho 2
ZŠ Na Hôrke 30
ZŠ Nábrežie Mládeže 5
ZŠ Novozámocká 129
Elementary School Sv. Gorazda, Dlhá 78
Elementary School Sv. Marko, Petzwalova 1
Elementary School Sv. Svorada and Benedikta, Farská 43
ZŠ Topoľová 8
ZŠ Tulipánová 1
Primary school Sčašneho 22
ZŠ Škultétyho 1
Elementary art school of Jozef Rosinski, Vajanského 1

High schools
Gymnasium Párovská 1
Golianova 68 Gymnasium
Gymnasium Sv. Cyril and Methodius, Farská 19
Hotel Academy, Slančíková 2
Business Academy, Bolečkova 2
Piaristic high school St. Jozef Kalazanský, Piaristická 6
Secondary Vocational School Cintorínska 4
Secondary Vocational School Nábrežie Mládeže 1
Levická 40 secondary vocational school
Private secondary vocational school polytechnic DSA Nitra, Novozámocká 220
Secondary vocational school of food, Cabajská 6
Secondary vocational veterinary school, Dražovská 14
Secondary agricultural school Dražovská 14
Fraň Kráľ Secondary Industrial School 20
Secondary industrial school of food, Slančíková 2
Secondary industrial school of construction, Cabajská 4
Secondary health school, Farská 23
Private conservatory of Krčméry 2
Private secondary vocational school ANIMUS, Levická 40
Private secondary art school of Škultéty 1
Sports gymnasium, Slančíková 2

Universities
Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra
Roman Catholic Cyril-Method Faculty of Theology of the Comenius University in Bratislava

 

Healthcare

Nitra Faculty Hospital
Specialized hospital of St. Svorada
Polyclinic Klokočina
Polyclinic Chrenová
Polyclinic Párovce
ProCare clinic
the Regional Office of Public Health is located here.

 

Ecology

The atmosphere
The air in Nitra is among the moderately polluted in Slovakia. The origin is mainly industry, although its ecological impact has decreased in recent years. Problematic and excessive values are mainly reached by oxides of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur and the so-called solid particles.

Water
The whole city is connected to drinking water through 3 sources: the Ponitrian group water supply, the Jelka - Galanta - Nitra group water supply and the separate Dražovce source. The water is of satisfactory quality.

The Nitra river flowing through the city is one of the most polluted European rivers. It is mainly a consequence of industrial activity along its entire course. Fishing in it is also not recommended. In 2006, a modern wastewater treatment plant was launched in the city, which significantly limits the pollution of the river by wastewater from the city.

Waste Management
Municipal (so-called mixed) waste and several types of separated waste are considered within the city. These include:
plastics
paper
glass
aluminum packaging - together with plastics in yellow containers
bio-waste - brown small-volume containers, exclusively in family houses
other separable waste such as electrical waste, construction waste, metals, etc. – only collection yards
clothes - special containers operated by HUMANA

Typical are large-volume 1100-liter containers, which are distributed throughout the city and are adapted to the collected commodity according to their color. Family houses have their own small-volume 120-liter containers for mixed waste, or also for bio-waste. Color-coded bags intended for collection at specified times are used for separated waste, or also stands with large-volume containers. Twice a year, a large-volume container designed for the collection of large-volume waste is placed in each city district.

New since 2014 are underground containers. There are currently 21 stations in operation and their expansion is planned in the future. Compared to classic containers, such stands take up less space and are more suitable from a hygienic point of view. Online monitoring of their filling is also built-in, which makes emptying them more efficient.

Collection is carried out by the company Nitrianske komunalne služby, s.r.o. The share of separated waste in total waste has an increasing tendency.

 

Personalities

Pribina – Nitrian prince
Saint Svorad, patron saint of Nitra (born in the 10th century - died around 1032, is buried in Nitra
Ivan Kamenec, historian and university teacher
Juraj Dolinský, Roman Catholic priest, church historian
prof. Imrich Točka, writer, regional historian, numismatist, campanologist, rescuer of cultural monuments, laureate of the City of Nitra Award in 2016
Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl (1903 – 1957) rabbi who became famous for his efforts to save Jews in Slovakia during the Holocaust
Július Bártfay, academic sculptor
Jozef Dóczy, actor
Dionyz Kubík, poet
Anna Martvoňová, (Hornungová), opera singer
Eva Pavlíková, actress
Daniela Šinkorová, actress
Emil Horváth, actor and theater director
Peter Kočiš, actor and presenter
Mário "Kuly" Kollár, singer of the band Desmod
Michal Gučík, actor and entrepreneur
Peter Hrivňák, singer of the band Horkýže Slíže
Róbert Jakab, actor
Ján Baláž, singer and musician
Michal Hipp, football coach
Juraj Kolník, hockey player
Branislav Mezei, hockey player
Štefan Ružička, hockey player
Matej Tóth, athlete, gold medalist from the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 50 km walk
Boris Valábik, hockey player
Ľubomír Moravčík, former football representative
Miroslav Stoch, football player
Jozef Stümpel, hockey player
Zuzana Štefečeková, shooter, silver medalist from the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics
RNDr. František Mikloško, mathematician and politician
Jozef Stank, former Minister of Defense and Head of the Office of the President
Gustáv Slámečka, Czech Minister of Transport, politician
Marcel Horniak, Roman Catholic priest, Salesian, religious columnist, sufferer for the faith - dissident
Ernest Horniak, Roman Catholic priest, Salesian, sufferer for the faith - dissident