Trenčín (lat. Trentsinium/Trincinium or Laugaricio, German Trentschin,
German Trencsén, Polish Trenczyn) is one of the three oldest Slovak
cities and the largest city of the Trenčín region, of which it is the
seat.
Trenčín is located in the north-western part of Slovakia,
it is the natural geographical center of central Považia. The main
stream in the city is the river Váh. The city is approximately 120 km
northeast of Slovakia's capital, Bratislava. Thanks to the strategically
advantageous location of the place, the Trenčín Castle was built here.
Even today, Trenčín is an important center of trade, economy, culture
and sports. Many institutions and companies have their headquarters and
branches here. Exhibitions and fairs have a long-standing tradition in
the city, the city is also known as a city of fashion.
According
to the Slovak Statistical Office, Trenčín is the 8th largest Slovak city
by population. From the point of view of the administrative division of
Slovakia, it is the administrative center of the Trenčín region, which
consists of 9 districts: Bánovce nad Bebravou, Ilava, Myjava, Nové Mesto
nad Váhom, Partizánske, Považská Bystrica, Prievidza, Púchov and Trenčín
itself.
At the same time, the Trenčín section of central Považia
can be considered one of the most continuously urbanized agglomerations
in Slovakia. It is mainly represented by the territory stretching 20
kilometers to the northeast of Trenčín, on which five towns lie in
succession - Nemšová, Trenčianske Teplice, Nová Dubnica, Dubnica nad
Váhom and Ilava.
By plane
Trenčín Airport (near Biskupice) south of the city has
military use only.
Nearest airports:
Bratislava
Brno
Vienna
By train
Trenčín is on the Bratislava-Košice railway
line, all express trains stop here. Trenčín is also the end point of the
regional railway line from Partizánske and Bánovce nad Bebravou.
The
train station is about 500 m east of the city center.
Other stops:
Zlatovce
Opatova nad Vahom
Trenčín predmestie
In the street
D1 motorway (Bratislava-Košice), exit 124 Trenčín západ
Route 9
Uherské Hradiště - Trenčín - Prievidza
Parkovisko pod mostom,
Rozmarínová, 911 01 Trenčín. Very cheap parking within walking distance
to the most popular attractions. Open: daily 00:00 - 24:00. Price:
€0.50/hour. Accepted payment methods: cash.
By boat
There is
no passenger shipping on the Waag.
The Trenčín castle stands on a rocky hill, under which the river Váh
originally flowed, the bed of which later moved further. Currently, the
city center and the road are under the rock. It expanded from the 13th
century. The castle was owned by several noble and royal families, the
most famous owner was Matúš Čák Trenčiansky. After him, the castle was
also owned by Ľudovít Veľký, Žigmund Luxemburg, Štefan and Ján Zápoľský,
and from 1600 the Ilesházis. In 1790, the castle was destroyed by fire.
In 1955, its gradual reconstruction and conservation began. On March 7,
2003, part of the western fortification collapsed.
The parish stairs
leading from the square to the church were built in 1568 in order to
enable the city defenders to move to the city walls near the parish
church, also as a link to the armory built in 1565 near the parish
church. The stairs were damaged by fire in 1708. After restoration in
1978 – 1981 the stairs acquired their present appearance.
Parish
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary
Church of St. Kozma and
Damián in the Biskupice district is one of the oldest churches in
Trenčín. It dates back to half 13th century
The funeral chapel and
ossuary of St. Michael near the parish church is the only surviving
Gothic building in Trenčín
The city gate is an original, but over
time, tower-like building from the first half of the 15th century. Two
gates were built, of which only the Lower Gate (Turkish) has been
preserved. The gate is characterized by a Gothic arch above which there
are two Latin inscriptions and the coat of arms of the city. One of the
inscriptions states "If God does not guard the city, he who guards it
watches in vain".
The Roman inscription on the castle rock dates from
179 as the most northerly evidence of the stay of Roman legions from the
time of the Marcomannic Wars. They wintered here in the settlement of
Laugaricio, which later became the basis for the city of Trenčín. The
sign is currently located behind the Elizabeth Hotel.
The plague
column with a statue of the Holy Trinity on top is located on Peace
Square. It was created in 1712 as a memorial to the plague epidemic of
1710, at the initiative of Count Mikuláš Ilešházi.
The church and
monastery of the Piarists (formerly Jesuits; also the Piarist Church of
St. Francis Xavier) on the main square, built in the Baroque style. In
May 2016, its external reconstruction took place.
Evangelical church
built around 1795
Chapel of St. Anny is a chapel built in 1789 on us.
St. Anna.
The neo-style Jewish synagogue was built in 1913 on the
site of an older synagogue.
Executioner's house in Trenčín is the
house where the city executioner resided. There is a torture chamber in
the house. It is located right in the city center on Matúšová street.
The Miloš Alexander Bazovský Gallery was founded in 1969, in 2001 it
was moved to the premises of the Maršovský Palace on Palackého Street.
Trenčín City Gallery
New Wave Gallery
Dragonfly Gallery
Michal Rešetka Public Library (4 branches)
Central Library of the
Slovak Army
University Library of Trenčín University Alexander Dubček
College of Management Library / City University of Seattle
Trenčín Municipal Theater (former Trenčín Castle Theater)
Musical
theater Trenčín
Normalka Theatre
Virtual Theater Trenčín
Trenčín Museum - several branches in the city
Aviation Museum
Hangar X
Metal goes to Jazz - Jazz goes to Metal
Gulliver's Band
Ľubor
Martin Mikrostar
Without idleness and storage
Choir of Váž
musicians
Cinemas
ARTKINO METRO
CINEMAX Trenčín
Kino
Hviezda
The city is home to the Expo Center Exhibition Center, formerly the
TMM Exhibition Center (Trenčín City of Fashion).
Music events
Pohoda Festival at Trenčín Airport
Jazz under the castle
Runway
international rock festival
Festivals
Theater festival Alone on
stage
HoryZonty Film Festival
Exhibitions
Rock-Pop-Jazz... in
photography
Exhibition center Expo center
Trenčín, the city of
fashion
SATOT, Salon of textile and clothing technology
International Defense Technology Exhibition (IDEE)
Apprentice,
exhibition of products by SOU and SPV students
Municipal technology,
an international exhibition focused on the municipal sphere and the use
of waste
Aqua, international exhibition of water management,
hydropower and environmental protection
Zlatá Fatima, competitions of
fashion and clothing producers
Elo sys, international trade fair for
electrical engineering, electronics and energy
Gardener, Beekeeper,
Healthy lifestyle, Hunting and fishing
Beauty Slovakia
Car, moto
show - international car exhibition
Exhibition of horses
Exchange
of antiques and collectibles
Brezina Forest Park
Záblatie Park protected area (4.50 ha)
Park
M.R. Štefánik
Park Pod Juhom
The river Váh flows through the city, into which the Nosický canal
flows above the center of the city via the Skalka power plant. Below the
city, the Biskupický canal separates from the flow of the Váh.
On the
territory of the city further near Sihoti, the Teplička stream flows
into the Váh Nosické canal (Opatovský stream and Kubranský stream enter
it from the left), the Orechovský stream flows into the Váh from the
right.
The Zlatovský stream also flows through the western part of
the city, which flows into Drietomice below the city. The Lavičkový
potok, which is a right-hand tributary of the Soblahovského potok, also
flows through the southern edge of the city.
A stream flows from
Zábrania (near Kubra) and flows under the mountain, which flows into
Sihoti IV. to Teplička and later to Váh.
Trenčín is located in the western part of Slovakia. The flat Trenčín
uplands, which slope along the river Váh, are closed in the east by the
massifs of the Považské Inovec and Strážovské vrchy mountains, and in
the west by the outcrops of the White Carpathians.
The character of
the city is influenced by the massif of Kozie vrch (363 m a.s.l.). This
terrain obstacle is the cause of the irregular shape of the city and
increases the transport distances in it. The Kozie vrch massif is
currently part of the Brezina forest park.
Thanks to its geographical and strategic location
in the valley of the river Váh, Trenčín has been one of the most
important cities in Slovakia since time immemorial. Several
archeological findings testify to the settlement of the Trenčia
locality already in the Stone Age.
When the Romans moved the
borders of the empire to the Danube at the beginning of our era and
built a system of fortresses - Limes Romanus, they gradually
established fortified camps north of the Danube. In Trenčín, they
left an original proof of their presence on the territory of
Slovakia. A memorial inscription on the vertical wall of the castle
rock commemorates the victory of the emperor Marcus Aurelius and his
son Commodus over the Quadi in 179 AD in Laugaricium. According to
the Latin text of the inscription, 855 soldiers of the Second World
War fought in Trenčín at that time. legion under the leadership of
the legate Maximian. The battles were part of a major military
conflict that took place from 166 to 180 - the Marcomanni Wars.
During the Great Moravian Empire, Trenčín belonged to the
Principality of Nitra. Most of central Považie became part of
Hungary, probably around 1018. Trenčín was first the seat of the
border county, later the center of the Trenčín royal estate county.
Chronicles from the 11th century mention the province of Vag,
occupying a wider area around Trenčín. The center of the province
was probably Trenčín Castle. Its oldest still standing part – the
stone tower, also dated to the 11th century – is typologically
related to the Danube region, where such towers are found in
Swabian, Bavarian and Austrian castles. Hainburg in the eastern part
of Austria, near the border with Slovakia, is geographically closest
to Trenčín. The beginnings of the city under the massive castle can
be traced back to the market settlement mentioned as early as 1111
on the old road from the Váž ford below the Brezina hill, above
which the parish church still stands on the steep slope of the
plateau. The bishop's court - Trenčianske Biskupice - was also part
of a larger residential complex. The history of the castle and the
fate of the city were very closely linked in the following
centuries.
During the invasion of Slovakia in 1241, the city
was ravaged by the Mongols. The castle under the command of župan
Bohumír resisted the onslaught[5]. The new heyday of the seat
occurred after 1275, when the castle came into the possession of the
prominent noble Peter Čák, and especially at the end of the century,
when his son Matúš Čák became the master of almost the entire
territory of today's Slovakia.
During the Middle Ages,
Trenčín received various privileges and rights. In 1324, the
inhabitants were exempted from paying tolls. In 1412, King Sigismund
elevated Trenčín to a free royal city with the same rights enjoyed
by the inhabitants of Buda. The city did not escape many disasters
and often suffered from wars. In the battles of Ferdinand Habsburg
against John Zápoľský, the imperial general Katzianer conquered the
city and the castle in 1528. In the middle of the 17th century, the
city had to resist the raids of the Turks. Their biggest raid
against Trenčín on October 2, 1663 was repulsed by the inhabitants.
Great suffering was experienced by the Kuruk Wars during the
Kuruk blockade in the years 1704 – 1708. On August 3, 1708, near the
town of Trenčín, near the village of Hámry, between the villages of
Soblahov, Trenčianska Turná and Mníchova Lehota, a battle took place
between the troops of Siegbert Heister and František II. Rákociho.
Two years later, the city was hit by the plague, which killed almost
1,600 inhabitants. After Vešelény's conspiracy in 1670, a German
army was stationed in Trenčín and remained there for 112 years. In
1790, the castle and the entire town burned down. Since then, the
upper castle remained abandoned and slowly fell into disrepair.
In the second half of the 19th century, Trenčín became an
important commercial and industrial center of central Považia,
several businesses and financial institutions were established, and
a railway was built. The construction of the Považská železínská did
not begin until 1875 after many delays, but after reaching Nové
Mesto nad Váhom (June 1, 1876) it was stopped due to lack of money.
Two years later (April 29, 1879), the railway line was extended to
Istebník, while the railway station in Istebník was officially
called Trenčín. According to the contract, the line from Istebník to
Žilina was to be built from January to October 1883. That is, in ten
months. At the end of October, the track was finished, the trains
took the future employees along the track; On October 28, 1883,
special trains with the minister and hundreds of guests passed
through to Žilina, where a banquet for 300 guests, organized by the
Bratislava hotelier Palugyai, ended the celebration in a modified
heating room. The economic importance of the Považ railway,
connected in Žilina to the Košice-Bohumín line, was also increased
by the fact that the Sereď - Galanta railway line was also built at
the same time, and thus Trenčín had a direct connection with Vienna
and Budapest, in the north with the entire territory of the county.
Direct access to Silesian coal was important for the future. Five
years later, on October 4, 1888, traffic also began on the railway
line Trenčianska Teplá - Vlára - Uherský Brod, which also opened up
the road to Brno. The railway connection between Považia and
Ponitrí, that is, the railway from Trenčín to Topoľčiani was built
in 1901. The construction of the railway was an important impetus
for the development of industry. From the end of the 19th century,
industry began to emerge (textile factories, distilleries,
processing of rubber, wood, explosives, frames, roller mill). During
the first Czecho-Slovak Republic, the clothing, food and engineering
industries grew, and later (longer after the Second World War) the
exhibition industry began to take shape.
In 1940, Trenčín had
13,647 inhabitants. After the beginning of the SNP, German troops
occupied the city on August 30, 1944. The Sicherheitsdienst and
Gestapo headquarters and a prison were established here. Two
transports of prisoners were taken from the city to Mauthausen.
During the Second World War, both the road and railway bridges over
the Váh were destroyed in the city by the retreating Wehrmacht. The
Romanian and Soviet troops, who occupied the left-bank part of the
city on April 10, 1945, immediately built a new temporary wooden
bridge, which in In 1946, it was replaced by a permanent wooden
bridge, which in 1956 it replaced the current concrete road bridge
over the Váh. The city was liberated by the troops of the 2nd
Ukrainian Front in cooperation with Romanian troops. After the
liberation, 7 mass graves with 69 murdered resistance fighters were
discovered in Brezin. Today, two monuments stand in their memory: a
smaller, more modest and older one at the place of their execution
in Dušová dolina, a newer and larger monument at the place of their
graves on the edge of the cherry orchard in Brezin. After 1948, the
textile industry operating in the city was nationalized, creating
enterprises such as Odevné závody, n.p., Merina, n.p., Kara, n.p.
and other. The city of Trenčín became the seat of the Eastern
Military District, which included the command over the whole of
Slovakia and the North Moravian region. In the 1970s, new buildings
of the OV KSS, ONV, the Center, the Gastrocenter and the Okruhového
dom armády were built in the center, while considerable renovation
of the historic core was necessary. Hollého streets, Ľudový hájik,
one side of Hviezdoslavová, Sládkovičová and Jaselská streets have
gone into the past. Large housing estates such as Juh, Soblahovská,
Sihoť III-IV were built in the city, which rapidly increased the
number of inhabitants. In the 1980s, a city bypass was built along
the newly built Električná street. Also, Východná ulica was built on
the Juh housing estate in a four-lane profile, which was supposed to
be a continuation of the planned southeast bypass. At its current
end, a second public transport depot was to be built, while
trolleybuses were to be garaged here.
After 1989, the city
got rid of some of the mistakes of the previous regime, especially
the historical core revived. The majority of historical monuments
have been reconstructed and adapted to the needs of modern times.
Štúrov Square underwent reconstruction, the parking lot that existed
here was canceled and replaced by a waterman's fountain that spits
water onto the square. Trenčín, the seat of the district and region,
is still one of the most important cities in Slovakia with a rich
cultural and social life.
Coat of arms
The first known depiction of the coat of arms dates
from 1324. The basis of the coat of arms of Trenčín is a blue shield on
which there is a silver lamb looking behind itself. Above the lamb's
head is a golden six-pointed star on a golden ribbon that comes from its
lip. With one hoof, the lamb holds a golden pole topped by a cross with
the red and white flag of the city. The symbol of the lamb was probably
related to the presence of the Johannite order in the city. During
socialism, the lamb was purposely referred to as a symbol of the textile
industry in Trenčín (wool).
In the 1970s, MsNV Trenčín considered
changing the city's coat of arms to a gear wheel in front of the walls.
However, this idea was not implemented.
Flag
The city's
red-white flag consists of four squares arranged in a checkerboard
pattern. At the top of the flag, near the pole, there is a red
square-shaped field, next to it is a white rectangular field, into which
a triangular cut-out extends.
City officials
Burghers and mayors
1887 – 1918 – Ernest Ucsnay
(burgher)
1918 – 1919 – Alexander Zeleny (townsman)
1919 – 1920 –
Jozef Laco (burgher)
1920 – 1922 – Cyril Svoboda (townsman)
1923 –
1924 – Ing. Gustáv Dohnányi (mayor)
1924 – 1928 – Rudolf Misz (mayor)
1928 – 1939 – Jozef Reihel (mayor)
1939 – 1945 – Dr. Ján Zaťko
(mayor, later government commissioner and burgomaster)
1945 – Štefan
Markovič (townsman)
Chairmen of MsNV
1945 – Ján Zeman
1945
– 1946 – Ján Barták
1946 – 1948 – Dr. Jozef Baar
1948 – Ján Mikula
1948 – 1949 – Eduard Klčo
1949 – 1951 – Štefan Ondruška
1952 –
1954 – Vojtech Kianička
1954 – 1971 – Anton Tomáš
1971 – 1977 –
Rudolf Pajtina
1977 – 1990 – Štefan Rehák
Mayors of the city
1990 – 1994 – Štefan Rehák (independent)
1994 – 2002 – Ing. Jozef
Žiška (independent, later SOP)
2002 – 2003 – Ing. Juraj Liška (SDKÚ)
(relinquished his position after being appointed Minister of Defense)
2004 – 2010 – Ing. Branislav Celler (SDKÚ-DS)
2010 – M.Sc. Richard
Rybníček (independent)
football – the highest Slovak football competition is played in
Trenčín thanks to the club AS Trenčín
ice hockey – the Slovak extra
league hockey is played in Trenčín thanks to the club Dukla Trenčín
bandy hockey:
canoeing - AŠK Dukla Trenčín, speed sports section, TTS
Trenčín Canoe Club, TJ Slávia Sports School Trenčín, canoe club
handball – HK Start Trenčín – Joint Slovak-Czech handball competition
(WHIL) – (season 2007/2008 – 5th place/12)
floorball – ŠK 1. FBC
Trenčín, a club founded in 2005, won seven (until 2023) Slovak
championship titles in the men's extra league during its existence, once
second and once third place, making it the most successful club in
Slovakia
Sports fields in Trenčín
Winter stadiums
Pavla
Demitru winter stadium - Dukla Trenčín's home stadium, located on
Považská street
Marián Gáborík Winter Stadium (formerly J&T Arena) –
a smaller winter stadium in the neighborhood of Dukla
Football
stadiums
Stadium at Sihoti - home stadium of AS Trenčín
Ozeta
Stadium - cancelled
Pod Sokolicami Stadium - cancelled
Sports
halls
Municipal sports hall - located on Mládežnícká street
Sports
hall of AŠK Dukla Trenčín - located on Štefániková street
Swimming
pools and swimming pools
Municipal swimming pool
Swimming pool at
ZŠ Lac Novomeského
Swimming pool at SPŠ stavebná
The swimming pool
at ZŠ Na dolinách is not functional
Summer swimming pool (improved in
2013 in connection with the construction of a new railway bridge)
Summer swimming pool Za mostami (non-functional, operation of a
restaurant with a menagerie)
Summer swimming pool on the Island
(under construction, will replace the current summer swimming pool,
which will give way to the modernized railway)
In addition to the
sports fields mentioned above, the City is building new multi-purpose
sports fields near schools in individual parts, which are also open to
the public. There are also several tennis courts, skate parks, shooting
ranges, boating facilities, dance clubs and other possibilities in
Trenčín, which provide facilities for any kind of sport in Trenčín.
2 railway lines pass through the town of Trenčín - Line 120
Bratislava - Žilina, whose modernization has already been completed, and
Line 143 Trenčín - Chynorany. In 2017, a new railway bridge was put into
use, a new summer swimming pool was built, as the old one gave way to
the new bridge. The city built replacement houses on the newly created
Slivková and Šafránová streets for the residents of the rehabilitated
houses. A bus station reconstruction project is also being prepared,
which will create a modern bus terminal with a direct connection to ŽST.
The territory of the city of Trenčín is served by the following four
railway stations:
Trenčín railway station (Line 120, Line 143)
Railway station Trenčín – Predmestie (Line 143)
Trenčín – Zlatovce
railway station (Line 120)
Railway station Trenčín – Opatová (Line
120)
The city cadastre is crossed by Highway D1 (section Chocholná –
Nemšová) and stretches of state roads I/61 and II/507. The construction
of the R2 expressway is planned, which will relieve the busy state road
I/9, which skirts the town of Trenčín in the southwestern edge.
In 2011, the construction of the southeastern bypass of the city of
Trenčín began, which also includes the second road bridge over the Váh
River in Trenčín. It was opened in March 2015. In the first stage, this
bypass relieved the overloaded road bridge in the center and diverts
traffic in the direction of Dubnica and the center along the four-lane
Električná street. In the second stage, the bypass will continue in the
location of Východná ulica, the tunnel will pass through the Breziny
massif and lead traffic to the Kubrá area, thus relieving Hasičská ulica
and especially the intersection at Nám. SNP in front of Hotel Elizabeth
(former Hotel Tatra).
In the city district of Biskupice in the southwest of the city, there is the Trenčianske airport, which is used for military and possibly also civil purposes. This airport is home to the company Letecké opravovne Trenčín, a.s., which repairs airplanes and helicopters from all over the world.
Municipal public transport in Trenčín is provided by the carrier
Transdev Trenčín on the basis of a contract on services in the public
interest.
In Trenčín there are bus lines no. 1 to 31.
In the past,
trolleybus transport was also considered (there are known plans to
connect Trenčín with Dubnica), but this idea was later dropped and only
bus transport was fully expanded.
In the future, the possibility of
sinking the tracks of the Bánovecká line to surface level and using it
as a link between the city center and the areas in the south of the city
is also considered.
Trenčín is located on the route of the planned Vážská water route. A lock was built to overcome the height difference at the site of the damming of the river. The construction of a port is also planned in the city of Trenčín, currently there is only a smaller wharf in the city intended primarily for cruise ships, sports boats and water rescue boats and a winter port.
Basic
Schools under the authority of the City of Trenčín
Velkomoraská ulica 12 (formerly 4. ZDŠ)
Dlhé Hony 1 (formerly 5. ZDŠ)
Petra Bezruča 66 (formerly 6. ZDŠ)
Hodžova 37 (formerly 7. ZDŠ)
L.
Novomeského 11 (formerly 9. ZDŠ)
Eastern 9
Na Dolinách 27
(Children's Town)
Kubran road
Potočná 86 (small grade, first grade
only)
Schools under the jurisdiction of churches
Elementary school
with kindergarten St. Andrej - Svorad and Benedikt
Private primary
schools
Futurum Elementary School
Defunct primary schools:
1. ZDŠ – was located in the center, in today's building of the
Children's Department of the Michal Rešetka Public Library
2. ZDŠ –
was based in Sihota, Študentská street. Canceled due to lack of
students. She trained soccer players for AS Trenčín. This role is
currently fulfilled by ZŠ Na Dolinách 27. Today, the Trenčín University
of A. Dubček is located in the building of the 2nd ZŠ.
3. ZDŠ – was
located in the center, on 1. Mája Street, opposite the Ľudovít Štúr High
School. Today, its building houses a church elementary school and a
Pedagogical and Social Academy
8. ZDŠ – an independent organizational
unit of today's ZŠ Laca Novomeského, with which it merged and therefore
ceased to exist.
Medium
Ľudovít Štúr High School
Jozef
Branecký Piaristic Gymnasium
Futurum private gymnasium
Business
Academy Dr. Milan Hodža
Emil Belluš Secondary Industrial School of
Construction
Trenčín School of Art Industry
Secondary sports
school
Celestína Šimurková Secondary Medical School
Secondary
vocational school of pedagogy St. Andrej-Svorad and Benedikt
Transport Academy
Secondary Vocational School Under Sokolicami
Aviation-technical secondary vocational school
Secondary vocational
school of trade and services
High
Alexander Dubček University
of Trenčín
College of Management / City University of Seattle
Industry in the city is mainly oriented towards engineering production, in the past the city was also known for textile production, which declined during the 1990s. Among the large engineering companies are TRENS, a.s. (former TOS), Letecké opravovne Trenčín (LOTN), manufacturer of machine tools (former military repair shops AOZ - Armádne opravarenské závody) and KONŠTRUKTA - Industrial, a.s. and CONSTRUCTION - Defence, a. with. – originally a state-owned enterprise and development plant of Plzenská zbrojovka, today divided into two joint-stock companies, one with civilian production for the rubber industry and the other focused on research and development of weapon systems. In 2011, AU Optronics, p. r. about. engaged in the production of LCD monitors. The American company Johnson Controls has its development center here.