Trnava (Latin: Tyrnavia, German: Nagyszombat, German: Tyrnau) is a
regional town in the west of Slovakia, the seat of the Trnava Autonomous
Region and the Trnava District. In terms of area and population, it is
the seventh largest city in the country.
As Trnava was one of the
most important centers of the Roman Catholic Church in Slovakia (after
1541 it was for a certain period the seat of the Archbishop of Ostrihom
and from 1922 the seat of the Trnava Apostolic Administration, which was
elevated to an archbishopric in 1977), there are many churches, and thus
it received the nickname "Little Rome" or "Slovak Rome".
By plane
The nearest international airports are in Bratislava and
Vienna.
By train
Railway station (Železničná stanica),
Kollárova 570/36. The station is located southwest of the city center,
but within walking distance. Direct trains from Bratislava at least once
an hour, usually more, plus there are routes with transfers. On the way
50 minutes.
By car
From Bratislava, take the D1 to Kosice or
Banska Bystrica, about 50 km. A vignette is required to use this road.
From Trnava to the Czech Republic you have to go through Bratislava.
Paradoxically, on Saturday and Sunday, parking even inside the wall is
free. In the northeastern part of the center there is enough space for
parking.
By bus
Bus station, Staničná 10. Located near the
railway station. Regular flights from Bratislava
The city has public transport, but most likely you will not need it. The city center is within walking distance from the railway and bus stations.
The city's rich history has left significant traces -
a number of architectural and cultural monuments. A walk through the
historical center, which forms a city conservation reserve, provides an
opportunity to get to know the remarkable architectural ensemble that
has been formed here for several centuries. The almost regular plan of
the city center is defined by the city fortifications.
Visitors
can view:
city tower
town hall
baroque complex of buildings of
the University of Trnava
Trnava churches (10), thanks to which Trnava
received the epithet Little Rome.
Trnava Brick Fortification - a
national cultural monument was built in the 13th century and is
currently considered one of the best preserved in Central Europe, Trnava
is constantly renewing its walls, as evidenced by the restoration of the
northeastern tower of the walls
monument to Anton Bernolák - the
author of the monument is Ján Koniarek, it was unveiled in 1937. A
statue of the main character Bernolák and a relief of a group of several
people (supposedly a relief for financial problems) listening to
Bernolák. Bernolák's head is based on preserved period documents. Under
the sculpture is the preacher's quote: SLOVAKIANS, WRITE IN SLOVAK!
HERE'S MY WORD ABOUT YOUR SPEECH.
Churches
Church of St.
Helena (from 1238)
Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin
Mary (from the 13th century) - Poor Clare
Cathedral - Basilica of St.
Nicholas (from 1380)
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (from 1637) –
university
Church of St. James the Elder, the Apostle (from 1640) –
Franciscan
Church of St. Joseph (from 1671) – Pauline
Church of
the Holy Trinity (from 1729) – Jesuit
Church of St. Anny (from 1776)
– Ursuline
Evangelical Church a. in. (from 1924)
Orthodox Church
of St. Trinity
Synagogue
Jewish synagogue (19th century).
Orthodox (small) synagogue.
It is located on the river Trnávka, in the center of
the Trnava hills. The city center is at an altitude of 146 m above sea
level. m. and is located 45 km northeast of Bratislava. Nitra is 47 km
east, Piešťany 37 km northeast, Senica 42 km northwest, Galanta 26 km
south and Modra 25 km west.
The D1 highway, R1 expressway and
roads I/51 from Senica, I/61 from Senec to Trenčín, II/504 from Modra to
Piešťany and II/560 to Dechtice lead in or near the city. The railway
line Bratislava - Žilina also passes through Trnava, the lines Trnava -
Kúty and Trnava - Sereď start at the local station.
The climate is mostly (compared to the rest of Slovakia) warm and dry with milder winters. The average annual temperature varies between 9 and 10 °C. The warmest month is July (20.3 °C), the coldest is January (2.2 °C). The average annual rainfall varies between 420 and 800 mm.
At the crossroads of old trade routes used since
prehistoric times, near the river Trnávka, the trading settlement of
Trnava was founded. The first written mention of it comes from the year
1211. It is a document of the Ostrihom Archbishop Ján on the donation of
the income of the local church to the Ostrihom Chapter.
Trnava
was the first city in today's Slovakia to receive the privileges of a
free royal city. They were granted to her in 1238 by the Hungarian king
Belo IV. With privileges, he subordinated the city directly to the crown
and defined such rights that enabled the rapid development of the city.
The original agricultural center gradually began to change into a center
of production, trade and crafts.
In the 13th century, the city
built an extremely extensive fortification on an area of almost 60
hectares. The construction of the fortification was made up of brick
towers connected by earthen ramparts, which were later replaced by brick
walls.
The privileged position of the city was strengthened by
other Hungarian kings. The fact that Trnava was the meeting place of
kings also testifies to the important position of the city.
April
28, 1430 Battle of Trnava: The Hussites defeated the Hungarian army.
The importance of Trnava increased especially in the 16th century,
when the Ostrihom archbishopric and chapter moved here before the
approaching Turkish danger in 1543. Bratislava became the administrative
center of the country and Trnava assumed the role of the cultural and
religious center of the country. On August 18, 1561, the construction of
the Jesuit college in Trnava began on the site of today's Trnava
University
The seventeenth century is considered one of the worst
periods of Slovak history. It is characterized by estate uprisings of
the Hungarian nobility against the Viennese court, which also affect the
life of Trnava. It is a paradox that in the century of wars and fires (a
great fire broke out in Trnava on June 23, 1666, when the entire town
was destroyed, except for a few streets, and 16 inhabitants lost their
lives), Trnava becomes a university seat. In 1635, Peter Pázmaň founded
the University of Trnava, initially only with the faculty of philosophy
and theology. The Faculty of Law was opened in 1667 and the Faculty of
Medicine only in 1769. In the 17th century, buildings were built that
are now a national cultural monument. The old buildings of the Dominican
monastery were rebuilt for the needs of the university, new dormitories
were erected.
Trnava entered the 18th century as a university
city known throughout Europe. In 1777, when the university was moved to
Buda on the instructions of Maria Theresa, this loss was felt not only
by Trnava, but by the whole of Slovakia.
In 1792, Anton Bernolák
created the main stand of the Slovak Learned Fellowship in Trnava.
From August 1 to September 24, 1831, Trnava experienced a
devastating cholera epidemic that claimed over 800 victims in two
months.
The theater building was built by the citizens of Trnava
in 1831. On June 1, 1846, the first section of the horse-drawn railway
in Hungary, the line from Bratislava to Trnava, was put into operation.
In 1870, the Society of St. Vojtech began to operate in Trnava, which
helped to maintain national awareness during the ban on the activities
of Matica slovakska.
The city experienced great development in
the interwar period, when the population rose from 15,000 in 1910 to
26,000 in 1940. At that time, Trnava was the third largest city in
Slovakia.
On August 25, 1996, Trnava became a regional city.
Trnava applied for the prestigious title of European Capital of
Culture several times in the competition of the European Union.
European Capital of Culture 2013
The oldest free royal city, Trnava,
failed in 2007 with the main idea of Trnava - a crossroads of cultural
and educational paths, with which it entered the candidacy for the title
of European Capital of Culture. Despite the fact that Trnava ultimately
did not win the title of European Capital of Culture, the publication
for the presentation of the city's candidacy was evaluated as the best
at the time.
European Capital of Culture 2026
At the May City
Council in 2020, city council members agreed to submit an application
for the inclusion of Trnava in the European Union competition for the
title of European Capital of Culture in 2026, background material for
City Council members on participation in the competition was prepared by
the city organizer of most cultural events, which is Správa cultural and
sports facilities of the city of Trnava. The estimated costs for the
implementation of background materials for the application amount to
approximately EUR 100,000 in the first round, until the end of October
2020, and in the second round, until the end of November 2021, the use
of funds from the city budget in the amount of EUR 200,000 is estimated.
Powerful belt
During April 2020, the Trnava Town Hall already
announced to the people of Trnava that they will not lose culture in
Trnava, even despite the canceled events due to the effects of the
SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. In addition to the announcement of cultural
events and actions, the Trnava municipality also announced the upcoming
historical-educational game Mocný opasok, which will draw attention to
the National Cultural Monument, which is the pride of Trnava, the Trnava
Walls, and should appeal to all families with children.
During
June 2020, the Trnava self-government presented in more detail the
historical-educational game Mocný opasok, which visitors to the city can
play from July 2020 using their mobile phones. The Trnava Town Hall also
announced further details of this adventurous interactive history
textbook, including the Slovak audio version of the game, which was
narrated by the Trnava actor Kamil Mikulčík, and also the English
version of the game The Mystery of Mighty Bell for foreign tourists,
dubbed by the Irish musician Graeme Mark Donaldson. When the GPS game
Mighty Belt was launched, art in the public space was added in the form
of fourteen sculptures, while the sculptures are the direct actors of
the game. On Friday, June 26, 2020, they installed the first two statues
on the walls above the Bernolák Gate.
The history of theater has been written in Trnava since the beginning
of the 17th century. At that time, it was one of the most important
centers of Jesuit theater in Hungary. Between 1960 and 1965, the first
professional theater, the Trnava Regional Theatre, operated in the city.
After its demise, mainly volunteer theater developed. The new
professional theater – Theater for Children and Youth was founded in
1974. After the revolution, it was renamed the Trnava Theatre. Today, in
addition to the professional theater, several volunteer groups operate
in the city.
Ján Palárik Theatre
The only professional theater
in the Trnava region. The founder is the Trnava self-governing region.
The director of the theater is Emil Nedielka and the artistic director
is Ján Zavarský. It has been operating under the name Divadlo Ján
Palárik since 2002 (formerly Trnava Theatre).
The current members
of the artistic group are: Vladimír Jedľovský, Tibor Vokoun, Edita
Borsová, Barbora Bazsová, Branislav Bajus, Stanislav Staško, Jozef
Bujdák, Gregor Hološka, Tomáš Mosný, Mária Jedľovská and others.
Theater ensemble DISK
The most important and probably the oldest
functioning non-professional theater group in Trnava. The DISK ensemble
began its activities at the end of 1955. Professional directors Blaho
Uhlár and Dušan Vicen also worked in it. The ensemble has won many
awards over the years. He currently works closely with the Bratislava
theater S.T.O.K.A. DISK also has its own theater studio in Kopánka,
where it plays its shows.
Cultural societies and associations
Trnava group
Trnava Literary Club
Trnava Radio 103.9 FM
Radio
Aetter 107.2 FM
O.Z. Godot Project and alternatively Rádio Bunker
Club of inspiration
Mixed choir TIRNAVIA
Vocal group KRUHY
Slovak Scouting – 2nd Corps of Long Cats
Bradlan sang as a worker
Roman Catholic Church Music Society of St. Nicholas in Trnava
Scouts
of Europe
UFS Trnafčany
Established by the Trnava self-governing region
Ján Palárik
Theatre
Gallery of Ján Koniarek
Library of Juraj Fándly
West
Slovak Museum
Trnava awareness center
Under the authority of the
city
Hviezda cinema
city Amphitheater
In private
House of
Culture
multicinema CineMax
Courtyard - Space for contemporary
culture
cultural center Little Berlin
community center Kubík
Nápadov
Trnava is an important university city in Slovakia. The historical
University of Trnava (lat. Universitas Tyrnaviensis) existed in Trnava
from 1635 to 1777. The University of Trnava in Trnava was established in
1992 and today has four faculties in the city. University of St. Cyril
and Methodius was established in 1997 and today the city has five
faculties and one newly established institute (Institute of Management,
Faculty of Mass Media Communication, Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Faculty of Philosophy, Faculty of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences and Faculty of Theology, which is located in Bratislava) . The
Faculty of Materials Technology of the Slovak Technical University is
also located in the city, as its only faculty outside Bratislava. It was
founded in 1986. Together, more than 18 thousand students study in the
city.
Universities
Trnava University in Trnava
University
of St. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava
Faculty of Materials Technology
of the Slovak Technical University in Bratislava, located in Trnava
High schools
Ján Hollé Gymnasium
Angela Merici High School
(Catholic)
Sports gymnasium of Jozef Herda
Secondary industrial
school (SPŠ Trnava)
Secondary Industrial School of Transport
Industrial Construction Secondary School
Secondary agricultural
school
Secondary Medical School
Business Academy
Bishop P.
Jantausch Archbishop's High School (Catholic)
Secondary Vocational
School of Electrical Engineering
Pedagogical and Social Academy of
Blessed Laura
Vocational secondary automotive school
Secondary
Technical School of Polytechnics
Private dance conservatory of Dušan
Nebyla
Secondary vocational school of trade and services
Important companies
Stellantis Slovakia
Datalogic Slovakia –
production of barcode readers, mobile computers and RFID systems
I.D.C. Holding – production of confectionery (Figaro) and durable baked
goods (Sedita)
ZF SACHS Slovakia – automotive components
Samsung
Voderady
Hydraflex Slovakia – production of hydraulic hoses
SIBAMAC – construction industry
TOMA – production of presses and
equipment
ŽOS – repair and modernization of railway wagons
Johns
Manville - production and processing of glass fiber
Sports clubs
football – FC Spartak Trnava
football – FK AŠK
Slávia Trnava
football – FK Lokomtíva Trnava
football – SFC
Kopánka
hockey – HK Trnava
athletics – AK AŠK Slávia Trnava
swimming – STU Trnava swimming club
volleyball – Hit Trnava
volleyball – Youth Aktivne Trnava
handball – HBC 11 Trnava
floorball – FBC 11 Trnava, Floorball Academy Trnava
cycling – cycling
club Olympik Trnava
softball – Trnava Panthers
baseball – Angels
Trnava
tennis – TC Empire Trnava
basketball – BK AŠK Slávia
figure skating – KK Trnava
netball – NK Slávia Trnava
karate –
Karate club Slovsport Trnava
Transport in Trnava is provided by extensive road, rail, bicycle and
pedestrian infrastructure. Trnava was the first city in Slovakia to
eliminate motorized traffic in the city center in 1988. By the end of
2019, more than 20 kilometers of urban cycle paths have been built in
Trnava. Trnava was the first city in Slovakia to build the first
automatic parking garage for bicycles in 2019, a twelve-meter high
bicycle tower in the space between the railway and bus stations. In
2019, the city also placed the first multi-storey bike rack in the
streets of Slovak cities, it is located next to the municipal office
building on Trhova Street. Public transport services are provided on 10
standard bus lines and 3 school lines, with standard bus service
operating from approximately 4:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. each day.
As
the regional capital of Slovakia, Trnava is an important transport hub.
The state of the environment in the city of Trnava depends on the
geographical location of the territory, natural conditions and
landscape-ecological relationships, while the historical development of
the territory and the current human impact on the environment also have
a significant impact.
European City of Trees 2017
In the first
half of 2017, the European Arborist Council awarded Trnava the title
European City of Trees 2017 for the care of greenery and for the effort
to successfully solve the problem of the lack of natural resources by
intensive planting of trees directly in the urban environment. The
ceremony of awarding the title of European City of Trees 2017 took place
on Friday, May 19, 2017 in the Anton Bernolák Park, making Trnava a
successful and worthy follower of previous award-winning cities, among
which are well-known cities such as Krakow in Poland, Tallinn in
Estonia, Frankfurt am Main in Germany, the Dutch Amsterdam, the Finnish
city of Turku, Prague, the Swedish Malmö, the Italian Turin or even the
Spanish Valencia.
The European Arboricultural Council praised the
creation of Park Bela IV in 2017 and the intensity of planting almost
2,700 trees in recent years, which is unprecedented in the history of
modern self-government:
in 2014, 815 trees were added to the city
in 2015, Trnava municipality planted 1,194 trees
in 2016, the Trnava
municipality planted 492 trees
in the spring of 2017, Trnava
municipality planted 187 trees
The benefit for the climate and the
citizens of the city by planting these almost 2,700 trees is comparable
to a small forest.
Enviromesto 2017
At the end of 2017, Trnava
received the prestigious title of Enviromesto 2017 in the field of the
environment thanks to comprehensive solutions for the quality of the
urban environment, a responsible approach to its residents and the
application of environmental policy in the protection, planning and
management of the city. The main goal of the Enviromesto 2017 title
competition was to make visible and appreciate cities that actively
apply environmental policy in real life. On November 20, 2017, on the
premises of the announcer of this competition, the Ministry of the
Environment of the Slovak Republic, together with the national
coordinator of the Slovak Environment Agency, an expert committee met to
decide on the winner of the first year of the competition on the basis
of implemented and planned projects for the benefit of the urban
environment and among 14 of the Slovak cities that applied for this
competition, only Trnava can boast the title Enviromesto 2017. The main
prize and the right to use the title Enviromesto 2017 was received on
Tuesday, November 28, 2017 by the head of the department of territorial
development and concepts of the Municipal Office in Trnava, Ing. arch
Tomáš Guniš on behalf of the city of Trnava during the announcement of
the results of the Enviromesto 2017 competition in Žilina, which took
place within the 8th edition of the International Conference Environment
of Cities with the subtitle Strong City for a Better Life.
Urban districts
The territory of the city of Trnava is divided
into 6 districts (numbered according to the committees of the
districts):
Trnava-center with an area of 2.0 km²
Trnava-západ
with an area of 20.6 km²
Trnava-sever with an area of 22.5 km²
Trnava-east with an area of 9.1 km²
Trnava-south with an area of 9.6
km²
Modranka with an area of 7.7 km²
Settlements:
Company
I-III
Linčianska
On clay
Prednadražie I, II
Waterworks I, II
Constipation
Home parts:
Spieglsál I, II
Center
Kick I,
II
Roadway
Vajslova dolina
Tulip
Stone mill
Settlements:
Valley
Court on May 9
Parochial mill
Kočisské
It's interspersed
Oravne
Chive mill
Big yard