Location: Crimean Peninsula
Sevastopol
(Севастополь) is a federal city in the southwestern part of the
Crimean peninsula. It is a large non-freezing port on the Black Sea
coast. In addition, it is also an attractive resort that combines
low prices, a large selection of hotels, entertainment and proximity
to the Western and Southern coasts of Crimea.
Administratively, the city of Sevastopol, in addition to urban
development, includes: the settlement of Balaklava, the city of
Inkerman, as well as about 60 settlements of various kinds.
All three main ridges of the Crimean Mountains originate on the
territory of the Sevastopol region: the Southern ridge - the
Balaklava heights, the Inner ridge - the Mekenziev mountains, the
Outer ridge - the Kara-Tau upland.
The coast near Sevastopol
is unique for the Crimea due to more than 30 well-protected ice-free
bays. The winding shores of the longest Sevastopol bay go deeper
into the peninsula for more than 8 km. Rocky headlands are natural
strongholds. Sevastopol Bay is considered one of the few most
convenient bays in the world.
By plane
There is no regular air communication with
the Sevastopol airport "Belbek". The nearest airport is in Simferopol.
By train
Railway communication with Ukraine is interrupted. In
December 2019, when the railway part of the Crimean Bridge is completed,
the first trains from the mainland of Russia are expected to appear.
Until then, the only way to use rail transport is by electric trains
from Simferopol (1 hour 50 minutes, 4 times a day). On the way pass
Bakhchisaray (1h 15min).
Railway station, st. Vokzalnaya, 5. ☎ +7
(8692) 653151, 653850, 543077. There is a left-luggage office at the
station, a large waiting room, and superior rest rooms. On the forecourt
there are several grocery stores, and right at the public transport stop
there is a decent looking canteen.
By bus
Direct bus service
to the following locations:
In the Crimea: Simferopol,
Krasnoperekopsk, Kerch,
Yalta, Foros, Miskhor,
Sudak, Feodosia,
Bakhchisarai, Evpatoria, Sandy, Gurzuf, Sokolinoye,
Alushta, Kirovskoye,
Sovetskoye, Shelkino, Nizhnegorsk, Schastlivoe, Rybachye, Dzhankoy,
Partenit.
In Russia: Krasnodar, Krymsk,
Novorossiysk,
Rostov-on-Don.
Several direct buses to Ukraine: Odessa, Nikolaev.
Bus station, st.
Vokzalnaya, 11. ☎ +7 (8692) 488199, 488582, 489242. 5:15–22:40. There is
a left-luggage office at the station (7:00–19:00, 60 rubles), a waiting
room and a slightly suspicious buffet. There are several stalls with
food, like pies; right in front of the bus station - a local coffee shop
"Tourist". Tickets can be bought online on the website gosbus.ru, you
need to print them out before boarding.
Severnaya bus station,
Zakharov Square. ☎ +7 (8692) 71-50-04. Bus routes: Armyansk, Simferopol
Airport, bus station (daily at 10:20), Bakhchisarai, Beregovoe,
Evpatoria, Chestnuts, Novoozernoe, Sandy, bus station, Razdolnoye,
Simferopol, Chernomorskoye (15h:15min)
Bus station "5th km", 5th
kilometer of the Balaklava highway. Travel from the bus station and
railway station tb. 17, 20, m / t17, 20-A, 26 to the stop "5th
kilometer" (terminal). Buses and minibuses of only suburban traffic
depart from here to the mountainous part of Crimea, as well as to
Balaklava and Fiolent.
On the ship
From May to September, you
can sail to Sevastopol in 2 hours from Yalta on the Kometa hydrofoil.
There are two flights a day, the fare is 500 rubles one way in economy
class and 800 rubles in comfort class (2018).
But there is an
even more exotic way to get into the city - a trip on a cruise ship
along the route Sochi - Novorossiysk - Yalta - Sevastopol - Sochi.
Flights are operated by Infoflot, prices from 25,300 rubles per person
for 7 days (2018).
Marine Station, Nakhimov Square, 5. ✉ ☎ +7
(8692) 52-40-82.
By car
Sevastopol is connected by roads with
Simferopol (83 km), Evpatoria (95 km), Yalta (80 km).
Transport routes in Sevastopol can be found, for
example, on Google. Maps and Yandex. Maps. The unofficial site
"Transport of Sevastopol" ("Timetables" in the upper left corner of the
page) contains timetables for the main types of transport in Sevastopol
and its environs.
Shuttle taxis
Minibus taxis are the most
common form of public transport. The locals call them Topics (by the
name of the first cars that cruised around the city, the Asia Topic
brand). The fare within the city is 18/20 rubles. Many routes operate
around the clock, and the fare from 23:00 to 05:00 increases to 30
rubles. The fare is paid before leaving. Minibuses stop only at public
transport stops.
trolleybus
The trolleybus network connects
almost all parts of the city. The fare is 15 rubles. Opening hours 06:00
- 23:00.
boats
To the north side
Count's Wharf - North
side. 5:00 - 23:45, every 15-20 minutes, 15 rubles.
Artbukhta -
Radiogorka. 6:30 - 20:30, every 15-20 minutes, 15 rubles.
Cargo-passenger ferries Artbukhta - North side. Every half an hour 6:30
- 19:00, the cost is from 30 rubles for a moped to 600 rubles for
oversized cargo, a passenger car - 120 rubles, a passenger - 12 rubles.
Artbukhta - beach "Uchkuevka". Only in summer, every hour 8:00 - 19:00,
60 rubles.
During a storm there is no water communication.
At
night, you can go to the North Side on the next boat, if there are at
least 10 people (night rate - 40 rubles per person).
To Holland
Bay and Inkerman
Grafskaya Pier - Apolonova Balka - Holland -
Inkerman (several boats per day, cost 12 rubles). Boats do not always go
along this route, so it is better to clarify whether a flight is planned
by phone: +7 (8692) 54-24-65.
electric vehicles
Electric cars
are a type of urban transport operating on short popular routes: from
Neustroev Square to the Victory Park beach, and from Geroev Stalingrada
Street (near Omega Beach) to the Admiral Beach trail. The cost is 20
rubles.
Taxi
Tariffs: 50-60 rubles for landing and 10-15
rubles per kilometer. Some taxi services:
Pharaoh, 15-58, +7 (978)
7642227
"Leader", 15-53; +7 (978) 879-13-69
"Metro", 15-56; +7
(978) 742 1556
"Radio Taxi", 15-51, 15-58; +7 (978) 748-53-30
"Voyage", 15-01; +7 (978) 846-73-44
«UpTaxi», +7 (978) 700-04-01
1 Count's Quay. The main pier of the city, built in 1787. One of the
main symbols of the city.
2 Monument to the
Sunken Ships. Symbol of the city of Sevastopol. The monument was
built in memory of the ships sunk in 1854-1855. to block the entrance to
the raid.
3 Primorsky Boulevard. In the very center of the city.
Opened in 1885. Lots of cafes and souvenir shops.
4 Dragon Bridge
(Bridge of Lovers). lies between Primorsky Boulevard and the embankment.
A fairly well-known example of Russian Art Nouveau in architecture.
5
Tower of Winds, st. Frunze, 5. The tower was part of the building
complex of the Maritime Library, built in 1849 and was designed to
ventilate the book depositories. Now the Tower of the Winds is an
architectural monument, one of the few that survived two defenses.
6 Rotonda (stop "Square of Lenin Komsomol"). Built in 1905 to mark the
50th anniversary of the end of the Crimean War. After the Second World
War it was reconstructed. It offers a panoramic view of the bays of
Sevastopol.
7 Monument to a soldier and a sailor, st. Captain's. The
memorial complex offers an excellent view of the entire Sevastopol Bay.
8 Obelisk "Bayonet and Sail" (above Cape Khrustalny). The monument is
59.9 meters high, symbolizing the unity of the army and navy.
9 Sevastopol kenassa, st. Bolshaya Morskaya, 11. Built in 1896-1908. As
a temple, it functioned until the early 1930s, then it housed a sports
hall.
10 Cathedral of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir,
st. Suvorova, 3 (stop "Lazarev Square"). ☎ +7 (8692) 54-35-31. Tomb of
Russian admirals M. P. Lazarev, V. O. Kornilov, V. I. Istomin, P. S.
Nakhimov. It was built in neo-Byzantine style in 1854-1888. The tombs
themselves can be visited as part of an excursion, 200 rubles, duration
30 minutes, you may have to wait for the formation of a full group.
11 Cathedral of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God (Pokrovsky
Cathedral), st. Bolshaya Morskaya, 36. ☎ +7 (8692) 54-54-84. The main
Orthodox church in the city. Built in 1905.
12 Cathedral of the
Apostles Peter and Paul, st. Lunacharskogo, 37. An example of
architecture of the era of Russian classicism, made in the style of the
ancient Greek temple of Theseus in Athens. Consecrated on September 5,
1814.
13 Church of the Archangel Michael , st. Lenina 11 (next to
the building of the Museum of the Black Sea Fleet). The temple was built
in 1848-1849 and served as the main garrison temple.
14 Church of All
Saints Wikidata element, st. Pozharova, 6 (old city cemetery). The
oldest surviving building in Sevastopol, built in 1822. The only temple
in the city that worked in the Soviet years.
15 This object is included in the UNESCO World
Heritage List Reserve Tauric Chersonese , st. Ancient, 1 (stop "TsUM",
as well as "Dmitry Ulyanov St.", then on foot. Directly to the entrance
to the reserve bus number 22 drives up). ✉ ☎ +7 (8692) 92-23-82, +7
(8692) 24-13-01. Tue-Sun 8:30 - 20:00, in winter (October 1 - May 1)
closes an hour and a half earlier. Entrance to the territory of the
reserve is free. Antique and Byzantine expositions of the museum - 100
rubles each. A tour of the reserve, including a visit to the museum's
expositions - 300 rubles / person, in summer, groups gather quite
quickly, and in winter - only 2-3 times a day in the middle of the day.
An ancient Greek city-state, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a
settlement with the ruins of walls and buildings. Excavations are being
carried out on the territory of the reserve, thematic excursions are
being held. On the territory of the reserve are:
16 Museum of the
reserve. ☎ +7 (8692) 55-02-78. From May 1 to October 1 Tue-Sun 8:30 -
19:00. Dedicated to the medieval period of Chersonese.
17 Cathedral
of St. Vladimir in Chersonese. ☎ +7 (8692) 24-21-15. 07:00 - 18:30. It
was erected in memory of the baptism in 988 of the Holy
Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir. On August 23, 1861, Emperor
Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna attended the laying of the
lower church. The construction of the cathedral lasted for thirty years.
18 Ancient theatre. ☎ +7 (8692) 92-23-72. Performances go on in the
summer at 19:30. 400 rubles, the box office is open on the days of
performances at the entrance to Chersonese from 16:00. Built about two
and a half thousand years ago, subsequently rebuilt many times. It was
used until the 4th-5th centuries, after which it fell into disrepair and
was used as a place for storing garbage. The cessation of its use is
associated with the spread of Christianity and the ban on the worship of
pagan gods and the conduct of pagan rituals, which were often held in
the theater. In the 6th century, a Christian church was built on the
site of the theater, which has not survived to this day. Now the site is
used by the actors of the Sevastopol Academic Russian Drama Theater.
Lunacharsky for his ancient program. Performances are held outdoors. The
theater seats 300 people.
19 Basilica of 1935. Conventional name of
the most famous basilica excavated in Chersonese in 1935. The basilica
was probably built in the 6th century on the site of an earlier temple.
This Basilica is a kind of symbol of Chersonesos, its image was used on
the one hryvnia banknote.
20 Fort letter "A-5", st. Vakulenchuk
(near the shopping center "Novus"). It was built in 1880 and served as a
guardhouse with a prison regime. And then the places of executions. The
leader of the uprising on the "Ochakovo" Yu. Schmidt was kept here. Now
in an abandoned state with heaps of garbage.
21 Fort "Streletsky" -
coastal battery No. 15, Shield Street, 5. Built before the start of the
First World War. They were armed with 4 guns of 254-mm model 1895. At
the end of 1942, before the retreat of Soviet troops from Sevastopol,
the battery was blown up. Now in disrepair.
22 Archaeological Park
(between residential buildings in Yukharinaya Balka). Ruins of several
estates, walls, courtyards and roads. Also many crypts. It is in
disrepair, there are no signs.
23 Malakhov Kurgan, st. Heroes of Sevastopol. The
strategically important height of Sevastopol on the Ship side. Glorified
by the heroic defense during the Crimean War of 1854-1855 and in 1942
during the Great Patriotic War. Now - a memorial complex with a large
number of significant historical monuments. The memorial places
"Batteries No. 18 Panfirov", "Batteries No. 28 Stanislavsky" and
"Batteries No. 84 Nikiforov" are located. In the places of the Senyavin
and anti-assault batteries, as in the years of the first defense, there
are guns of those years.
24 Defensive tower of the Kornilov bastion.
One of the few fortifications of the mid-19th century that have survived
in the city to this day. The tower provided for: a chapel, a powder
magazine, a room for shells and provisions. It houses a branch of the
museum "Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol".
25 Battery
Matyukhin. A two-gun artillery battery was located on the mound during
the second defense of Sevastopol during the Great Patriotic War. The
battery commander was Lieutenant Commander Matyukhin.
26 Sapun
Mountain. A hill located in the southeast of Sevastopol. During the
Second World War, it was a key defensive position on the outskirts of
the city. In memory of the feat of Soviet fighters, an obelisk of
military glory, a diorama “Assault on Sapun Mountain on May 7, 1944”, an
eternal flame, a chapel in the name of the Holy Great Martyr George the
Victorious were built on Sapun Mountain. In the vicinity of the
monument, the Park of Glory was erected. There are a number of Soviet
tanks of various models and artillery pieces, including naval guns, and
a certain amount of captured equipment.
27 Diorama "Assault on Sapun
Mountain on May 7, 1944". 09:30-17:00. On the first floor of the
building there are exposition halls telling about the defense of the
city in 1941-1942 and its liberation in May 1944. On the second floor
there is the diorama itself, which consists of a painting and a subject
plan. It depicts the climax of the assault on Sapun Mountain by the
troops of the 51st and Primorsky armies. Samples of military equipment
and weapons of the WWII period are exhibited in front of the building.
28 Chapel of St. George the Victorious. Cone-shaped temple crowned
with the figure of an angel with a cross.
29 Monument to the First
Bastion (at the end of 1st Bastionnaya Street, in the square, not far
from the cliff). During the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855, the
bastions (pentagonal fortifications) formed the basis of a defensive
line with a length of about seven kilometers. It also offers a
magnificent view of the Sevastopol Bay.
30 Memorial complex on the
site of the 3rd bastion, Orlovskaya street, 15 (above the stop
"Budischeva Street"). The bastion is located on the Bomborska height and
occupied an important place in the system of defensive structures of the
war of 1854.
31 Monument to the heroes of the submariners, st. Heroes
of Sevastopol.
32 Zheleznyakov armored train, near the bus station.
33 Arc de Triomphe in honor of the 200th anniversary of the Hero City of
Sevastopol (at the entrance to the city).
34 Maksimova Dacha. Manor
complex with a landscape park created in the late XIX - early XX
century. Now in an abandoned state with mountains of garbage, a popular
place for barbecues.
35 Mikhailovskaya battery, st. Gromova, 35/1 (By boat
from Arbukhta to Radiogorka, runs every 30 minutes. Then 100 meters to
the museum gate. You can also walk to the museum in 15 minutes from the
bus station of the North Side). It was created on the basis of one of
the fortifications of the Sevastopol fortress that have survived from
the 19th century - the Mikhailovsky ravelin of 1846. During the Crimean
War, the Mikhailovsky battery was located on the ravelin. He also served
during the defense of Sevastopol in 1941-1942, having received
significant damage. The fort has been restored and a naval museum has
been opened on its territory.
36 Konstantinovsky battery. Stone
casemate battery (94 guns). It was built at the entrance to the
Sevastopol Bay to strengthen the defense of Sevastopol and its port in
1840. At present, the battery has lost its military purpose, but every
day at noon in the city you can hear the sound of a cannon shot fired
from it.
37 St. Nicholas Church, st. Bogdanova, 43. ☎ +7 (8692)
71-82-07, +7 (8692) 71-82-08. Orthodox church-monument, at the Fraternal
Memorial Cemetery. One of the main architectural symbols of Sevastopol.
Founded in 1857, consecrated in 1870. The temple is made in the form of
a truncated pyramid.
A boat trip along the bays of Sevastopol with an inspection of the warships of the Russian Federation.
1 Military Historic Museum of the Navy,
st. Lenina, 11 (stop "House of Fleet Officers"). ☎ +7 (8692) 54-22-89.
Wed-Sun 10:00 - 17:00 (until 17:30 in summer). 100 rub. It was opened on
the initiative of participants in the first defense of Sevastopol in
1869. Museum exhibits cover the history of the fleet from the ancient
Slavs to our time. A significant part of the exhibits is dedicated to
the Great Patriotic War. In the courtyard of the museum there is an
exposition of military equipment. Ancient cannons, a canopy from the
beginning of the 20th century, as well as modern torpedoes and cruise
missiles are stored here.
✦ Museum complex "Mikhailovskaya
Battery" , st. Gromova, 35/1. In the building of the Mikhailovskaya
Battery (By boat from Arbukhta to Radiogorka, runs every 30 minutes.
Then 100 meters to the museum gate. Also, the museum can be reached in
15 minutes on foot from the North Side bus station). ☎ +7 (8692)
71-82-99, +7 (978) 062 29 91. Tue–Sun 10:00–18:00, closes one hour
earlier in winter from November to April. Adult 300 rubles, 100 rubles
for children and students. Self-examination or as part of an excursion
group is possible, at least 5 people in the group. In summer, tours
start every flat hour. Ravelin has been restored, and the exposition
"Heroic Sevastopol" is opened in it. More than 10 thousand exhibits from
the private collection of the Sheremetev family of patrons are placed in
19 exhibition halls on the second tier of the battery. Various weapons
are presented (from knives to machine guns), more than 60 uniforms from
different times, ship cannons, a Perekop tachanka, personal items,
unique letters, books, and documents.
2 Exhibition of the St.
Petersburg Wax Museum, Nakhimov Ave., 4. in the summer 11:00 - 21:00.
160 rub. Every year the set of figures changes.
3 Museum of the
History of the Sevastopol Red Banner Komsomol Organization, st. Suvorov,
20. ☎ +7 (8692) 52-49-84. About 600 exhibits are presented in three
halls, revealing the heroic history of the Komsomol of the city and the
Komsomol organizations of the Black Sea Fleet, the fate of many Komsomol
leaders and activists, leaders and innovators of production. The
building also houses the Folk Interschool Museum of Local Lore.
4
Green's Museum Room, pl. Rebellious, 4 (building 1, room 7) TC "New
Boulevard" (stop "Ploshchad Rebellion"). Tue, Sat 10:00 - 16:00. The
exposition introduces the history of the creation of the Sevastopol
prison in 1898, Grin's revolutionary activities in Sevastopol and the
years of his stay in prison, where he made sketches of many of his
stories. The museum room is located in the building of the former
Sevastopol prison, in a solitary cell in the basement of the building,
where the writer was kept in 1903-1905 on charges of propagating
revolutionary ideas.
5 House-museum of the Sevastopol underground of
1941-1942, st. Revyakina, 46. It is located in the house where the head
of the Sevastopol underground V. D. Revyakin lived during the Nazi
occupation of 1942-1944, the headquarters and the underground printing
house were located. Two sections: historical and memorial. They contain
421 exhibits, including 130 photographs, 103 documents, 156 household
items, weapons, personal belongings, awards from underground members,
etc.
6 Museum "35th Coastal Battery" (bus No. 105 or No. 14 with the
route sign "Mayak-2", to the stop Museum "35th Coastal Battery").
Wed-Sun 10:00 - 16:00, summer 10:00 - 18:00. Tours are held every 20
minutes, the duration of the tour is 1 hour 30 minutes. Self-examination
of the external exposition of the museum 8:00 - 20:00. for free.
Memorial ensemble on the territory of the 35th coastal battery. It was
built on the site of the last line of defense of Sevastopol in late
June-early July 1942. It includes museum-fitted military historical
objects (preserved casemates of the 35th coastal battery), modern
memorial objects (Pantheon of Memory, Necropolis of the fallen, a chapel
in the name of the Archangel Michael, a monument to the personnel of the
2nd armored tower), life support facilities of the complex.
A complex monument, where the world-famous Panorama "Defense of
Sevastopol in 1854-1855" and the advanced parapet of the 4th bastion are
located. You can ride horses and ponies in the park. A little to the
north, behind the Panorama, there is a whole amusement park: the Ferris
Wheel, which offers a beautiful view of the South Bay, the Surprise
rides and the chain carousels. For kids there are also attractions
"Jung", "Funny slides", trampolines. Drinks and sweets are sold.
7 Panorama "Defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855". ☎ +7 (8692) 54-40-31 .
🕑 Tue-Sun 9:00 - 18:30. 200 rubles, 120 rubles for students, 80 rubles
for children. One of the largest among 60 panoramas of the world.
Reflects the main events of the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. It
is a huge picture (circumference 115 m, height 14 m), supplemented by a
subject plan (area about 1000 m2).
8 Exhibition of anchors. For
free. It is located under the open sky in a small square, on both sides
of the path leading to the panorama of the defense of Sevastopol. Each
anchor has a sign that briefly tells about it.
9th 4th bastion. The
most important fortification of the South/City side. It was reinforced
by numerous batteries, in some places arranged in two tiers. A redoubt
was built in the depths of the bastion.
10 Terrarium, Historical
Boulevard, 1. ☎ +7 (8692) 49-97-38. 🕑 from 9.00 to 19.00. 120 rubles,
for children 60 rubles. Over 80 species of exotic animals.
11 Exhibition "Ivan Papanin - Sevastopol Columbus". 🕑 9:30 - 19:00.
Exhibition dedicated to the 225th anniversary of Sevastopol and the 70th
anniversary of the start of the world's first drifting polar station
"North Pole-1", headed by Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin.
12 Aquarium Museum (Аквариум
Музей), Nakhimov Ave., 2. ☎ +7 (8692) 54-38-92, fax: +7
(8692) 54-38-92. 10:00–18:00, ticket office closes half an hour earlier.
Adult 400 rubles, children from 6 to 16 years old - 300 rubles. Conduct
free tours lasting 1 hour, for its implementation requires a group of at
least 10 - 15 people. This is one of the oldest aquariums in the world,
founded in 1897 on the initiative of N. N. Miklukho-Maclay, A. O.
Kovalevsky and other Russian scientists. According to the stories of the
guides, there are only two aquariums left in the world that have been
operating since the nineteenth century - these are Sevastopol and Monaco
named after Jacques Cousteau. The Sevastopol Aquarium is located in the
building of the Institute of Marine Biological Research, built in 1897.
It presents more than 180 species of animals: invertebrates (anemones,
sea urchins, arthropods, starfish), Black Sea and tropical fish, as well
as reptiles (turtles, lizards). The most ancient inhabitants of the
Black Sea may arouse interest: sturgeon, round goby and black-backed
herring. After the reconstruction in 2017, the number of halls was
increased to 5, and the halls and aquariums were decorated in a
non-standard style. For example, the aquariums of one of the halls are
decorated with greenhouses imitating the ruins of an ancient Cambodian
temple.
13 Dolphinarium in Art-Bay, Kornilov Embankment, 2. ✉ ☎ 99
55 +7 (8692) 55 99 55, 93 29 +7 (978) 748 93 29. In summer from May to
September at 11, 14:00 and 17:00 In winter, Sat, Sun at 14:00. 800
rubles, children (5 - 14 years old) - 400 rubles. Show with the
participation of marine animals: bottlenose dolphins and northern fur
seals. For an additional fee, you can swim with dolphins.
Earlier in
Sevastopol there was another dolphinarium in the Cossack Bay, however,
all its objects were transferred to the Black Sea Fleet, the entrance to
which was closed. The dolphinarium itself moved to a new place - to
Laspi Bay.
14 Art Museum named after M.P. Kroshitsky, Nakhimov Ave., 9. ✉ ☎ +7
(8692) 54-31-25. September - May Wed-Mon 10:00 - 17:00, June - August
Wed-Mon 11:00 - 18:00. Adult - 60 rubles, children - 15 rubles,
excursion service for the group - 120 rubles. The museum has one of the
best collections of paintings, drawings and sculptures of the 16th-20th
centuries in the Crimea and Russia. The museum's funds include more than
9 thousand works of fine art. The permanent exhibition includes works by
V. A. Tropinin, I. I. Levitan, I. I. Shishkin, I. Yu. Repin, I. K.
Aivazovsky, V. V. Vereshchagin, V. O. Serov, I. M. Kramskoy, V. D.
Polenov, A. I. Kuindzhi, K. S. Petrov-Vodkin and others.
15 House of
Officers of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation, st. Lenina,
9. ☎ +7 (8692) 54-21-32. A place of permanent exhibition of paintings by
art lovers, as well as poetic and musical "evenings". There are tours of
creative and song groups.
16 Sevastopol Center for Culture and Art
(STSKiI) , st. Lenina, 25. ✉ ☎ +7 (8692) 54-49-48. Exhibitions of
paintings, photo exhibitions, major city cultural events, theatrical
performances, festivities and art festivals are held.
17 Exhibition
hall "House of Moscow in Sevastopol", Nakhimov Square, 1. ☎ 53 70 +7
(8692) 54 53 70. Mon-Fri 10:00-19:00. depending on the exhibition,
sometimes for free. Expositions from a wide variety of areas of
creativity and applied art. Some of them are held annually.
18 Dramatic Theater of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian
Federation. Lavreneva , pl. Ushakova, 1 (stop "Ushakov Square"). ☎ +7
(8692) 54-33-95. performances start at 18:00. The repertoire includes 18
performances, 5 performances for children and three concerts. It is
located in the building of the Sailor's Club, on the tower of which
there is a clock with chimes with the melody of the song "Legendary
Sevastopol" - the anthem of the city.
19 Academic Russian Drama
Theatre. Lunacharsky, Nakhimov Ave., 6. ✉ ☎ +7 (8692) 54-43-30. 🕑
performances start at 18:00. The repertoire includes performances of
both classical and contemporary works. Also, well-known artists often
give performances here.
20 Academic Dance Theatre, Nakhimov Ave., 4
(in the left wing of the building of the Palace of Children's and Youth
Creativity). ✉ ☎ +7 (8692) 54-76-03. The repertoire includes such dance
shows and choreographic performances: "Notre-Dame de Paris",
"Favorites", "Love Story", "Broadway", "Argentine Tango", "Cabaret",
"Pygmalion", "Carmen". For children on the eve of the New Year and
Christmas holidays, the dance theater offers performances: "New Year's
Adventures of the Bremen Town Musicians", "The Snow Queen", "The
Adventures of Pinocchio", "The Adventures of Harry Potter", "Ali Baba
and the Forty Thieves", "The Flying Ship".
21 Sevastopol Theater for
Children and Youth (TBM), Gagarin Ave., 16 (from the center, routes No.
109, 16, 10, 110, 112, 95, 6). ✉ ☎ +7 (8692) 53-42-15. performances for
children 11:00, for adults 18:00. Genre diversity of the theater
repertoire includes comedy, tragedy, drama, musical, fairy tale, fairy
tale journey, fairy tale game, ballet, opera, folk tale, folk dance,
step jazz fairy tale, melodrama, lyrical comedy, youth drama and youth
rock concert.
22 Cinema "Victory", st. Bolshaya Morskaya, 13. ☎ +7 (8692) 54-38-41.
The cinema has two renovated halls equipped with Dolby Digital audio
systems. New 3D equipment, seamless screens, a modern ventilation, air
conditioning and heating system, as well as soft sofas with personal
tables for drinks have been installed. The bar is open.
23 Cinema in
the shopping center "Musson" , st. Vakulenchuk, 29. ☎ +7 (8692)
47-44-44 +7 (978) 804-71-11. Cinema-multiplex with 4 cinema halls. One
of them is the largest screen in Ukraine and the second largest in the
CIS, measuring 23 by 12.5 meters for 325 seats. Three other cinemas can
accommodate 100 spectators. All cinema halls are equipped with the
latest digital cinema equipment supporting 3D technology and Dolby
Surround sound systems. There is a cafe.
24 Cinema in the shopping
center "Apelsin", Geroev Stalingrada avenue, 27. ☎ +7 (8692) 53-03-03.
Two auditoriums with Dolby Digital Surround EX sound.
25 Cinema
"Ukraine", st. Lenina, 35. ☎ +7 (8692) 54-73-41.
26 Cinema
“Rossiya”, pl. 50th Anniversary of the USSR (routes No. 109, 16, 10,
110, 112, 95 to the stop "Square of the 50th Anniversary of the USSR").
☎ +7 (8692) 24-03-00, +7 (8692) 24-12-03. The cinema has one hall with a
total capacity of 500 spectators, as well as a cinema cafe that can
accommodate about 80 people. In the cinema cafe, viewers can watch
various sports events, movies, and concerts are also held there.
27 Moskva Cinema, 70, Generala Ostryakov Ave. (Moskva Cinema stop). ☎
+7 (8692) 57-40-20. Has two cinemas. The large cinema hall can
accommodate 500 people, the small one - 36. There is also a cinema bar.
28 7th pocket, pl. Rebellion, 8 (second floor). ✉ ☎ 94-17-96 +7
(8692) 94-17-96. around the clock. In the hall there are tables for
playing Russian billiards and one table for playing pool. Football
matches are being broadcast.
29 Club "Russian Pyramid", st.
Mayakovsky, 7. ☎ +7 (8692) 54-44-51; +7 (8692) 55-57-85. 10:00 - 24:00.
Sauna, swimming pool, billiards, hookah, sports bar.
30 Billiard
club "Chicago", 67 Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsii Ave. (stop "Ulitsa
Yumashev"). ☎ 43-04-20 +7 (8692) 43-04-20. 12:00 until the last
customer. Until 18:00 pool - 20 UAH, Russian pyramid - 27 UAH; after
18:00 pool - 27 UAH, Russian pyramid 36 UAH. A large distance between
the tables allows you to confidently, with a big swing, play from the
boards, without touching anyone or anything and without disturbing other
players. The club has three 12-foot tables, two 10-foot tables and one
9-foot pool. There is a bar and a kitchen.
Bowling in the shopping center "Musson". ☎ +7 (978) 853-57-71. 18 tracks. 3 tables of Russian billiards, 5 tables of American pool. Restaurant area (European cuisine), sushi bar.
Bicycles for rent
Velox, General Ostryakova Ave., 90. velox@ua.fm
✉ ☎ (093) 016-000-1, (068) 484-84-34, magazin_velox. Mon-Sat 9:00 -
19:00. hourly rental: 80 rubles / hour, daily rental: 1 day - 320
rubles.
Velomaster, Kulakov str., 68. ☎ +7 (978) 832-24-12. 100
rubles/hour, 500 rubles/day (10:00-19:00), 600 rubles/day.
Skydiving
(ASK "Yukharina Balka"). The cost of the first jump is 550 hryvnia.
Jumps are performed from the An-2 aircraft, height - 800 meters.
Parachutes - D-6, round landing parachutes with an area of 82.5 square
meters. meters. Spares - Z-5, Z-6. Both the main and reserve parachutes
are equipped with PPK-U safety devices. In general, the standard set of
the OSOU club. As they say, a technique that has been proven for
decades. :)
Diving, diving training. Several centers specializing in
diving: Black Sea Divers, Deeptown, Sea-lion. Prices from $30 per dive.
Ropejumping, Cape Fiolent. Arrange fullextreme.
Helicopter flight.
Sightseeing flight over the Crimea. 40 minutes - 45,000 rubles.
Paratrike flight. 10 minutes - 2,300 rubles. Paratrike (aerochute) - a
trolley with a motor, propeller and parachute. Organizes the Sevastopol
paragliding club.
Water park "Zurbagan" , Parkovaya street, 9. ☎ +7 (8692) 414145, +7
(978) 8043533. Only in the summer season 10:00 - 18:00. All day / 4
hours 14:00 - 18:00 / any 2 hours adult 1250/1100/950 rubles, children
(from 90 to 150 cm) 850/700/600 rubles. Luggage storage 100 rubles Seven
fresh water pools and 15 slides for children and adults, including Black
Hole, Kamikaze, Multislides, Free Fall. Several cafes and attractions.
Rope park "Treasure Island" (beach "Victory Park"). ☎ +7 (978)
814-83-37. 9:00 - 19:00. 150 - 450 rubles. There are 3 categories of
difficulty - 3 improvised "decks": Jungis, Flibusters, Pirates. There
are 12 stages on each "deck".
Komsomolsky Park (stop "Lazarev
Square", "Central Market"). The park has a wide variety of attractions
designed for children of all ages: carousels, several inflatable
trampolines, a water attraction, slot machines, horseback riding and toy
cars. There is a playground: swings, slide, houses and ladders. For
older children - computer races, a battle with skeletons, air hockey, as
well as a 5D cinema. There are also many sculptures of cartoon
characters beloved by children in the park.
Children's park
"Lukomorye" (Southern residence of Father Frost "Lukomorye") , Pobedy
avenue, 1a (by trolleybuses No. 9, 20, fixed-route taxis No. 20, 109 to
the stop "Koli Pishchenko St."). ✉ ☎ +7 (8692) 48-71-93. 8:00 - 23:00.
The entrance is free. Park for families with children. Over 40 species
of trees and shrubs grow here, as well as cacti and bamboo. Here you can
ride rides, feed the birds and animals that live in several menageries,
visit a crocodile farm. There are many sculptures of fairy-tale
characters, a monument to Alexander Pushkin, a huge Easter egg, and
fountains on the territory of the park. Cafe "Melnitsa" works.
Ice
Cream History Museum. 120 rubles, for children 100 rubles. The museum
tells about the centuries-old history of ice cream, gives you a chance
to taste various varieties of TM "Lasunka". This is the second largest
museum of the history of ice cream in Europe, where exhibits are
collected, with the help of which this dessert was produced, stored and
sold at different times.
Museum of marmalade and useful sweets. 120
rubles, for children 100 rubles. The only museum of marmalade and
healthy sweets in Eastern Europe. Tells about the global history of the
creation of marmalade, Turkish delight, etc. sweets. Among the exhibits
of the museum you can find original boxes for desserts, equipment for
grinding fruits and tea sets, whose age is several hundred years. Part
of the exposition is presented in the form of copies. The crown of the
tour is a tea party with a tasting of eco-sweets prepared according to
old recipes.
Museum of Indian Tribal Traditions. 10:00 - 20:00. 120
rubles, for children 100 rubles. The museum recreates the exotic
atmosphere in which various Indian tribes have lived for centuries. Here
you can play Indian flutes and maracas, try to make rain with the help
of a magical “rain caster”, try on the outfits of leaders and shamans,
visit the cocoa history hall and taste the “drink of the gods” -
chocolate that flows directly from the fountain, and learn how to shoot
from bow and get a Native American name.
Museum of Soviet Childhood.
10:00 - 20:00. The entrance is free. 15 kopeck tokens for slot machines
for 2 UAH. The museum presents cassette recorders, players, radiograms,
banners, pennants, Komsomol badges, pioneer uniforms, horns, busts and
portraits of Lenin, coins and other paraphernalia of the era of
communist construction. Here you can play rare slot machines Sniper, Sea
Battle, Lucky Shot and others.
Sevastopol mini-zoo, st. Biryuleva 34.
9:00 - 20:00. 120 rubles, for children 50 rubles. The zoo is home to red
deer, monkeys, noses, ostriches, llamas, European fallow deer, roe deer,
raccoon dogs, ponies, Soviet heavy trucks, skunks, ferrets, swan,
peacocks, pheasants, chickens with chickens, geese, tangerines,
white-fronted goose, ferrets, rabbits, guinea fowls, guinea pigs,
parrots. You can go to Vietnamese pigs, goats and lambs, feed, stroke.
Inside the Sevastopol bay
Not the best and rather small beaches,
heavily polluted, including due to the large number of passing ships.
But if you still need to choose from them, then you can pay attention to
the Khrustalny beach, one of the main advantages of which is its
location right in the city center.
Khrustalny Beach, western
shore of Artillery Bay (stop "Lazarev Square" or "Central Market" in the
city center, then on foot). The beach is covered with concrete and
asphalt, equipped with ladders for launching into the water and
equipment rental points (sunbeds, water equipment, etc.), changing
cabins, sunshades, retail outlets, toilets and a first-aid post, there
is a cafe, a restaurant near the beach .
Beach of the water station
of the Black Sea Fleet, Kornilov embankment. A small beach covered with
concrete, equipped with ladders.
Coal Bay beach, Ushakova beam
(trolleybus No. 3, fixed-route taxi No. 110 to the Lastovaya Square
stop, then walk towards Ushakova beam). Wild sandy beach.
Beach in
Holland Bay (from Zakharov Square by fixed-route taxi No. 46, then go
down to the sea on foot). Undeveloped sand and pebble beach.
Beach in
Matyushenko Bay, Radiogorka. Semi-wild beach, practically unequipped,
the bottom is shallow and rocky.
West Coast
The beaches are
located in the open sea, which in itself makes them much cleaner than
those located inside the Sevastopol Bay.
Solnechny Beach, Sandy
Bay (TsUM stop, then on foot). Small and medium pebbles, deeper - sand.
Equipped with sunbeds, booths, shops, tennis court.
Beach "Quarantine
Bay", Quarantine Bay (stop "Pozharova Street", then 10-15 minutes walk
towards the sea). The beach is covered with large pebbles.
Swimming
on the beach of the Tauric Chersonesos reserve is prohibited; the guards
monitor the observance of this rule during the season. The restriction
was introduced to preserve archaeological sites located in the coastal
zone.
"Admiral" ("Soldier's") beach, Abramova bay
(Admiralteyskaya lagoon) (route No. 81 to the Omega City stop, then walk
about 10 minutes). The water is very clear. There are cafes, a souvenir
tray, a shooting gallery.
Blue Bay (by bus No. 105 from the 5th km
through the Central Market to the stop "Golubaya Bay", or by minibus No.
95 from the Central Market to the turn to Kazachya Bay, then on foot). A
small equipped pebble beach, turning into a wild one. The area around
the beach is very picturesque, there are small bays, caves, rocks.
Beach "Mol" (terminus of trolleybus No. 10 and 14, then along Pavel
Korchagin Street along the port, past the garages, go towards the pier
along the coast). Wild beach.
Omega Beach (Omega Beach stop).
Sand beach. It is equipped with inventory rental points, changing
cabins, awnings to protect from the sun's rays, retail outlets, toilets
and a first-aid post, and paid showers. Near the beach there are cafes,
bars, a disco. There is a lifeguard on the beach. It is also possible to
ride a "banana" and "aquabikes", water rides, rental of boats and water
bikes. Nearby - a wild beach "Omega".
Victory Park area. A lot of
paths for walking, several rides, a mini stadium. There is a promenade
with equipped pebble beaches and a large number of bars / cafes. It is
planned to plant 85 trees from different climatic zones of Russia, as
well as the creation of children's and sports grounds on the alley of
Russia
How to get there: minibuses No. 4, 107, 109, 110, 112 run from
the stations; from 5 km of Balaklava highway - minibus No. 30; during
the high season, a direct bus number 23 is added to the water park.
Beach "Victory Park". The main beach in the park. Lots of bars, night
club "Good".
Nearby there is a wild beach "Victory Park"
Aquamarine beach, Victory Park. Sandy shore. Equipped with equipment
rental points (sunbeds, beach umbrellas, water equipment, etc.), showers
and changing cabins, sunshades, toilets and a first-aid post, there is a
cafe and a restaurant near the beach.
Mayak Beach, Victory Park. Wild
beach covered with large pebbles.
Beach "Sandy" (to the stop "TsUM",
then on foot). Sandy shore. It is equipped with a beach equipment
rental, changing cabins, sunshades, a toilet and a first-aid post.
Radar beach, Cape Khersones (bus No. 14 "Mayak" (rarely runs) or minibus
No. 105 to the 35th battery and from there on foot, but go about 3 km
along the highway).
Beach "Socrates" (route taxi No. 14 "Mayak"
(rarely runs) or by minibus No. 105 to the 35th battery and from there
on foot, 15-20 minutes 1.5 km along the highway). Rocky beach.
North of the city
Wide, large sandy beaches.
Mokrousova Beach,
Uchkuevka (from Zakharov Square by shuttle bus No. 36, 52 to the
Mokrousov Turbaza stop, then 10 minutes walk along the territory of the
Mokrousov TOK towards the sea). Sand and pebble. The length is about 200
meters. Equipped with equipment rental points (sunbeds, deck chairs,
water equipment, etc.), changing cabins, showers, sunshades, toilets. In
the summer there is a rescue station, water slides. Near the territory
of the beach there is a cafe and a bar, where discos are periodically
held in the evenings in the summer.
Tolstyak Beach, Cape Tolstoy
(from Zakharov Square or Radiogorka by fixed-route taxis No. 49, 55
(traffic interval 25-30 minutes), which stop near the descent to
Tolstyak Beach). It is covered with small pebbles, turning into a sandy
shore on one side and small stones on the other. It is equipped with a
beach equipment rental, changing cabins, sunshades, and a toilet.
Beach "Uchkuevka", Uchkuevka (from Zakharov Square by shuttle bus No. 50
(traffic interval 15-20 minutes) directly to the beach "Uchkuevka", or
by shuttle taxis No. 46, No. 48, No. 52 to the stop "Internat", and then
from the hill along the park on foot 800 meters to the beach.In the
summer you can also get to the Uchkuevka beach by boat, which departs
from Artbukhta (the interval of the boat is 40-60 minutes, while the
road itself takes 35-40 minutes).The most popular sandy beach Sevastopol
It is equipped with equipment rental points (sunbeds, deck chairs, water
equipment, etc.), changing cabins, sunshades, toilets and a first-aid
post.
Navy Day, every year on the last Sunday of July.
Victory Day, May
9th.
Festival “V.S. Vysotsky Through time ... ". ☎ +7 978 704 33 97.
January 28 - February 1. The festival hosts a number of thematic
exhibitions, concerts and performances.
There are bank branches, the largest of the banks represented:
Rossiya Bank, Krayinvestbank, RNCB. Regular office hours are Mon–Fri
9:00–18:00 (almost all are closed on weekends). There are many ATMs
throughout the city.
Markets
1 Central market, st.
Shcherbakova, 1. ☎ +7 (8692) 55-01-06, +7 (8692) 55-06-39. From Tuesday
to Sunday from 7.00 to 17.00. Meat and dairy pavilion, fish rows,
vegetable rows.
2 Market "Chaika", st. Admiral Oktyabrsky, 20. ☎ +7
(8692) 55-71-13. Tue-Sun 8:00 - 18:00, Mon 8:00 - 14:00. Not expensive,
focused on locals.
3 “Yumashevsky Market”, 63 October Revolution
Avenue. ☎ +7 (8692) 46-06-39. 8:00 - 19:00.
Shopping centers
4
Shopping and entertainment center "Musson", st. Vakulenchuk, 29 (stop
"Menshikov Street".). ☎ Administrator +7 (8692) 47-76-21. 8:00 - 23:00.
The largest shopping and entertainment center in the city and in the
Crimea. Among the entertainment are all kinds of slot machines,
simulators, mini-bowling, water rides, mini-golf, table tennis, 3D
cinema, the only ice skating rink in the city and much more. For the
little ones - the game labyrinth "Tower", a children's railway, swings,
carousels. For adults, there are more than a hundred shops on the
territory of the mall. There are very poor quality cafes and 2
restaurants - absolutely inedible. Bowling (18 tracks for the game).
Cinema.
5 Shopping and entertainment center "Apelsin" , Geroev
Stalingrada avenue, 27 (post stop). ☎ cinema: +7 (8692) 53-03-03; pub:
+7 (8692) 53-03-13; bowling: +7 (8692) 53-03-23. 09:00 - 22:00. Slot
machines, various attractions (carousels, trampoline, three tables for
air hockey, etc.), bowling (10 lanes available), billiards, karaoke
(both for adults and children), a cafe, a cinema. A little run down and
gloomy, although the center is quite new
6 "Novus" shopping center,
st. Vakulenchuk, 20. 8:00 - 22:00. Pretty big mall
7 "Novus" shopping
center, 24 October Revolution Ave. 8:00 - 22:00. Pretty big mall
8
"Furshet" shopping center, st. Kovpaka, 3. from 8.00 to 23.00.
9
Grocery supermarkets Novus, PUD, Assorti
Cheap
1 Dining room number 1, st. Bolshaya Morskaya, 4. Salads
30-60 rubles, second salads 30-130 rubles. Typical diner with low
quality food and service. Cheap. Located in the basement on the square.
Suvorov.
2 "Mir Burger", st. Nakhimova, 10. 8:00 - 22:00, one hour
longer on weekends. Burgers 70-130 rubles. An alternative to the
McDonald's that used to work here. According to reviews, the food has
become even worse, and the service does not meet the criteria of "fast
food".
✦ Pizzeria Celentano. ☎ 987 +7 (8692) 542 987. Located in
central and crowded places. Pizzas, salads, beer. Everything is very
budgetary, but the price affects the quality in the most negative way,
you should visit at your own peril and risk.
3 st. Bolshaya
Morskaya, 52. ☎ +7 (978) 008-2487.
4 st. Admiral Fadeev, 48 (next
to Victory Park). ☎ +7 (978) 032-6968.
5 pl. 300th Anniversary of
the Russian Fleet (Artbukhta). ☎ +7 (978) 831-5119.
6 Varenichnaya
Pobeda, Nakhimov Ave., 10 (entrance from the yard). ☎ +7 (978)
734-47-01. Portion of dumplings 95-200 rubles, dumplings 160-190 rubles.
Decorated in the Soviet style. A small menu, mainly dumplings,
cheesecakes, dumplings, soups. At the same time, all this is quite
edible, there are many satisfied visitors.
Average cost
7
Cafe "EatMe" , Lenina St., 8a. ☎ +7 (978) 704-59-83. around the clock.
Main dishes 300-500 rubles. The institution positions itself as a
"modern cafe", and a youthful, informal atmosphere has actually been
created here (of all the institutions in Sevastopol, only #Coffee House
"KOFEiN" can boast of such a place). Waiters in general are polite,
service is fast. The main focus of the menu is on Italian cuisine with
small splashes of Pan-Asian. There are many original dishes, and
something new is often introduced into the usual ones. The quality of
the food is not phenomenal, but at a very good level.
8 Cafe "Lepim
ourselves" , 1) st. Aivazovsky, 3a (entrance from Mayakovsky street);
2) st. Bolshaya Morskaya, 48 (entrance from Adm. Oktyabrsky street). ☎
+7 (978) 115-75-45, +7 (978) 114-52-53. 9-21. Main dishes 150-250
rubles. Homemade dumplings and dumplings, salads, soups, tea, coffee,
desserts. Nice place, polite staff, sometimes they hold master classes
in making dumplings.
9 Restaurant "BorschOk" (former restaurant
"Ukrainian Shinok"), st. Aivazovsky, 3 (ground floor of the hotel
"Sevastopol"). ☎ +7 (978) 848-91-44. 12:00 - 00:00. Soups 120-250
rubles, meat dishes 290-640 rubles. Excellent authentic Ukrainian
restaurant. However, service delays are possible.
10 Vegetarian cafe
"MindaL cafe" (former cafe "LumUmba"), st. Odessa, 19. ☎ +7 (978) 0 942
943. 10:00 - 22:00. 200-400 rubles per dish, 80 rubles pastry, coffee
60-110 rubles. A small cozy room with 5 tables + a few tables outside.
The menu includes vegetarian items so unusual for Sevastopol, and no
matter how unusual it may be, no fried fish.
11 "Il Patio"
restaurant, ave. Nakhimova, 8. ☎ +7 (86925) 395-89. around the clock.
Main dishes 350-600 rubles. Chain restaurant of Italian cuisine in the
very center of the embankment. Mixed reviews: some are satisfied, some
are not.
12 "Grass" cafe, 3 Historical Boulevard (in the same
building as the "Panorama" restaurant). ☎ +7 (978) 741 95 08. 9:00 -
1:00. They cook well, and the dishes themselves look pretty. But the
proposed choice of dishes is not very interesting, it is usually
classified as European cuisine. However, an extensive wine list with a
good selection of expensive Crimean wines (Esse, Alma Valley) along with
a wonderful view of the bay leaves this establishment a chance to be
visited.
Expensive
13 Fish restaurant "Barkas" , st.
Kapitanskaya, 2. ☎ +7 (978) 797-30-52. Main dishes from 500 rubles. Good
food, lots of positive reviews. Good selection of wines. Often there are
a lot of visitors.
14 Santorini Tavern, pl. Ushakova, 1. ☎ +7 (978)
812-6-712. Second courses 400-1100 rubles. A restaurant of Greek
cuisine, but there are no more than 5-7 pieces of really interesting and
unusual dishes, the rest are rather ordinary names, like noodle soup,
spaghetti, etc. The main bonus of the institution is, oddly enough, the
cleanliness of the windows with which it is glazed: you can watch
everything that happens on the street. The waiters are well trained and
leave a good impression, the only thing is they try to impose additional
dishes. The restaurant, unlike traditional Greek restaurants, offers
catastrophically small portions.
✦ Restaurant Panorama , Historical
Boulevard, 3 (in the same building as Grass cafe). 9:00 - 01:00. Second
courses from 500 rubles. Nice view of the city, nice atmosphere, large
portions, great selection of sea food, delicious desserts. There are
dietary and vegetarian options. Sometimes wine tastings are held. Large
selection of hookahs.
15 "Kazbek" restaurant, st. Gogol, 6. ☎ +7
(8692) 54-54-86. 11:00 - 24:00. 333-1333 rub. Paphos institution of
Georgian cuisine. Nice interior, nice and fast food. Live music is
played from 19:00.
Coffee houses, confectionery
One of the
cafes of the Shokoladnitsa chain operates in the building of the
Sevastopol Hotel, and this will not be the worst, but not the most
original choice in Sevastopol.
16 Coffee house "KOFEiN", st.
Lenina, 55. ☎ 68 67 +7 (8692) 93 68 67. Round the clock, except for the
night from Mon to Tue. Cakes 80-240 rubles, coffee 90-140 rubles. As in
all establishments of this network, good coffee, delicious desserts,
interesting interior. Excellent large room with a lot of free space and
seats near the window. Service and waiters can be set as an example for
other catering establishments in the city.
17 Gelateria
"Buonissimo" , st. Aivazovsky, 7 (second floor). ☎ +7 (978) 7770126, +7
(978) 8987231. Cakes 100-200 rubles, a scoop of ice cream 60 rubles.
Great Italian ice cream from a Russian speaking Italian cafe owner. Ice
cream frappe is no less tasty, but cakes and pastries are better to eat
in some other place, because they are not very successful here.
18 Art - cafe "Snezhinka" , st. Bolshaya Morskaya 19. ☎ +7 (978) 777
31 81. 10:00 - 22:00. Cafe with two floors and St. Petersburg spirit.
Visitors like cakes more often than not.
19 Coffee Studio , st.
Nakhimova, 5a. 8:00 - 23:00. From 60 rub. Coffee house. Visitors praise
the cheesecakes and coffee.
bars
1 Wine Room Restaurant, Admiral Pereleshin Embankment, 3
(Crystal Beach). ☎ +7 (978) 100-69-59. 12:00 - 01:00. A glass of wine
200-600 rubles, snacks 400-600 rubles. Actually, this is a Spanish
restaurant, but it is interesting precisely for its selection of wines,
incl. an abundance of interesting Spanish and Crimean names. The latter
are represented by new elite brands and varieties. Excellent view of the
sea and Sevastopol bay. There is a spacious veranda on the street, open
even in the cold season. Musical groups perform once or twice a week,
jazz is often played.
2 "Czech Sladek" brewery, st. B. Morskaya, 14.
☎ +7 (978) 822-36-85. 11:00 - 24:00. 200-600 rubles per dish.
Unpretentious interior, waitresses in aprons, large mugs of beer,
dumplings and other dishes of Czech cuisine. There are complaints about
the quality of food and service, however, if you do not set too high
expectations, then you can go. There is freshly brewed beer, you can
visit the brewery. There are a lot of people on weekends.
3
"BeerLoga" pubs, 15 bars in the city, incl. on Vakulenchuk street,
38. From 100 rubles per liter. 87 varieties of draft drink, over 300
types of craft bottled. Despite the huge flow of visitors, expensive
beers have a non-zero chance of being spoiled. The interior and
furnishings are like in a simple pub.
Night clubs
4 Art-club
"Artishock" , st. Senyavina, 4. ☎ +7 (978) 82-83-400. 🕑 Wed-Sun 12:00
and all the way. The club hosts themed parties, musical performances,
show programs, and various holidays. Salsa parties are held every
Thursday, Sevastopol musical groups periodically perform.
Cheap
Whether it's winter or summer at the bus station and railway
station, you will always be met by people offering housing in the
private sector. Prices for a one-room apartment in the Gagarinsky
district range from 400-600 rubles outside the holiday season and up to
800-1400 rubles or more during the holiday season. It is better to
search for private housing via the Internet in advance, since
intermediaries at the railway station add about 30% commission to
themselves to the price.
Tent city, pos. Uchkuevka.
Railway
station lounges. From 225 rubles per bed in a multi-bed room.
Average cost
Hotel complex "Crimea", st. 6th Bastionnaya, 46 (stop
"pl. Rebellion"). ☎ 46-90-00 +7 (8692) 46-90-00, +7 (8692) 46-91-11, +7
(978) 735 98 98. 1600 rub single, from 2400 rub double. The complex is a
14-storey building with an elevator. Cozy rooms with amenities are
offered for accommodation. Each has a refrigerator and TV (except for
4-seater). Rooms: single and double rooms (15 m2), triple and quadruple
rooms (19 m2), as well as two-room single and double rooms (28 m2). The
double rooms have a telephone. All rooms have the possibility of an
extra bed - a folding bed. Meals in the restaurant 155 rubles breakfast,
dinner. There is a gym, billiards.
Hotel "Morskoy", pr. Oktyabrskaya
Revolyutsii, 44 (stop "Ulitsa Yumashev"). ✉ ☎ 17 76 +7 (8692) 41 17 76,
+7 978 7655892. Single and double rooms from 2500 rubles. 20 rooms, each
room has a TV, telephone, refrigerator, air conditioning, hot and cold
water around the clock, independent heating. There is a 24 hour bar.
Art-hotel "Ukraine", st. Gogol, 2. ☎ +7 (8692) 54-21-27, +7 (978)
022-30-39. Double from 3200 rubles, single 2500 rubles. Renovated large
Soviet hotel.
Mini-hotel "Zodiac", Kulakov street, 76. from 3200 rub.
Expensive
Best Western Sevastopol Hotel, Nakhimov Ave., 8. ☎ +7
(8692) 53-90-60, +7 978 8000 159. One of the best hotels in the city. It
is located in the very center of the historical and business part of the
city, close to the embankment, main attractions, administrative
institutions, museums and recreational areas. Air-conditioned rooms with
a flat-screen TV and free Wi-Fi. There are numerous cafes and
restaurants around the hotel.
Villa "Nikita", Shestakova descent, 1a
(Located near the sea (150 m), in the historical center of the city). ☎
+7 (8692) 54-90-66, +7 (8692) 54-50-38. From 5000 rub. 3 storey villa.
From the windows of the hotel you can see the sea and the city
perfectly. Each room has a separate entrance. 3 meals a day are
provided, there is a sauna with a swimming pool, a garage, massage
services, laundry. The 1st suite has a sauna.
Mobile operators "Win Mobile" and MTS (Krasnodar) work. All Ukrainian
mobile operators do not work either (for more details, see Mobile
operators in Crimea). Fixed telephone numbers have been transferred to
the new Russian code +7 869 2.
Main post office, st. Bolshaya
Morskaya, 21. ☎ +7 (8692) 54-53-84. There is also an internet cafe.
Internet cafe, st. Bolshaya Morskaya, 15.
When buying an excursion, specify what is included in its price, as
it may turn out that you bought only a transfer and a guide's story, and
you will pay entrance tickets to all excursion objects separately.
Emergency numbers: 101 - fire brigade, 102 - police, 103 -
ambulance, 104 - gas emergency service, +7 (8692) 48-11-11 state traffic
police
Along the entire coast north of Sevastopol, occupied by excellent
wide sandy beaches, there is a road to Evpatoria, and along the way
there are small villages: Uchkueva, Lyubimovka, Kacha. In parallel,
there is another road to the north in the direction of Simferopol, and
on it, 15 km from Sevastopol, there is a small town of Inkerman,
interesting with the ruins of the medieval Kalamita fortress, the St.
Klimentiev cave monastery and the Inkerman vintage wine factory.
One of the most beautiful roads in Crimea is the road from Sevastopol to
the South Coast. The first on the way will meet Balaklava and the
Baidarsky reserve - the largest reserve to the east of the city,
including the Baidar valley, the Chernaya river basin and 45 km of
hiking trails. Then - Foros, Simeiz, Alupka, Koreiz, Gaspra, Livadia and
at the end of Yalta.
Southern bays of the city, passing into the
South Coast
30 km from Sevastopol, southeast of Balaklava, lie the
extremely picturesque Laspi Bay and the Batiliman tract. In the east
they are bounded by Cape Aya. Within these territories there is a
landscape reserve "Cape Aya".
Laspi (go from the Sevastopol bus
station by Sevastopol-Yalta or Sevastopol-Foros buses to the Laspi stop,
then walk about 5 km down the mountain). The 12-kilometer bay, located
in the westernmost corner of the southern coast of Crimea, is surrounded
on all sides by mountains: from the west by a mountain, and from the
east by a mountain range, plus the cape itself protrudes far into the
water surface, which protects from the cold current. Thus making this
corner very warm, with a very favorable climate. The average annual
temperature here is about fifteen degrees. Therefore, nature is very
diverse. It is believed that the bay has the cleanest sea on the entire
coast, as well as a rich wildlife. Near the highway, a popular place is
the observation deck on the pass.
In addition, in the bay at a
depth lies a sunken cargo ship Steamboat built in the middle of the 19th
century, which sank before the Great Patriotic War. The total length is
about 130 meters. Depth: 6 - 17 meters, which makes wreck diving on
Batiliman accessible to amateurs and beginner scuba divers.
Dolphinarium in Laspi Bay (moved from Cossack Bay), Laspi Bay, the
territory of the Laspi Children's Sanatorium and Health Center. ☎ 978)
703-88-65 +7 (978) 703-88-65. 30 minutes of swimming - 5000 rubles.
Health and therapeutic programs using Black Sea bottlenose dolphins.
Dolphin therapy sessions. Entertainment shows are not held.
Batiliman. The Batiliman tract is a wooded coast, which is located under
the steep rocky walls of mountains up to 664 m high (Kokia-Kala and
Kush-Kaya). On the coast of Batiliman there are 8 recreation centers and
tent camps.
Cape Aya. The cape is a sheer spur of a mountain range.
The highest point is the Kokiya-Kiya rock, 558 meters.
Cape
Fiolent
A cape in the southwestern part of Sevastopol. Fiolent has
several wild and organized beaches.
How to get there:
by
fixed-route taxi No. 3 from the stop of the 5th kilometer of the
Balaklava highway in Sevastopol
by regular boat from Balaklava to
Yashmovy beach (9:00 - 17:00 every two hours, 100-140 rubles, takes
about one hour, works only in summer)
St. George's Monastery.
Active monastery. Located on a sheer cliff. According to legend, it was
founded in 891, and the first confirmed documentary mention of the
monastery dates back to 1578. The monastery was visited by tsars and
travelers, artists and writers: in 1820 by Pushkin, in 1825 by
Griboyedov. edit
Directly opposite the monastery, you can clearly see
the Rock of the Holy Appearance (Rock of St. George, St. George's Rock)
- a surface rock in the form of an island 150 m from the shore of Jasper
Beach. According to legend, around 891 St. Yuri appeared to the
shipwrecked Greek fishermen, and his icon was found on the rock. After
that, in the same year, the St. George Monastery was founded on the
coast. Much to the right you can see the rocks of Orestes and Pylades.
Jasper Beach (788 stone steps down). The main beach Fiolenta. It is
divided into two parts: the first is quite civilized with changing
rooms, a cafe, a bar, rental of sun loungers, catamarans, the second is
wild, located further behind the rock, you can get there only by water
(and in some places the water can reach the neck), and people on the
wild beach is already much smaller.
To the west of the main beach
there are several other pretty beaches with steep banks. You can get to
them from the Central Department Store by buses No. 3, 19, 72, or from
the market 5 km by taxi No. 3 to the Tsarskoe Selo stop. Horseshoe Beach
is the official nudist beach. Tsarskoye Selo Beach Diana's Grotto Beach
Directly opposite the beach is the extremely picturesque Diana's Grotto
- for many centuries the wind and the sea have pierced this narrow high
arch in the rock. Beach "Karavella" Beach "Mayak" - a small pebble
beach.
Command post of the 623rd coastal battery. Bunker buried
in the ground. Outside, a conning tower rises above the ground with
viewing slots, which were battened down from the inside with armored
shutters.
Founded in 1783 as a naval port and city in the Akhtiar Bay; the name of the bay - after the Tatar village Akhtiyar or Akyar (Crimean Tatar ak - "white", yar - "steep coast, cliff by the sea"). In 1784, in accordance with the then prevailing tradition in the Russian Empire to give names to new cities in the Greek manner, the city was given the name Sevastopol - "sacred city" (Greek sebastos - "highly venerated, sacred", polis - "city"). In 1797, Emperor Paul I renamed the city Akhtiyar, but even during the period of the decree of Paul I, the city was also called Sevastopol in parallel with Akhtiyar, as evidenced by maps and atlases of those years of publication. In 1826, the name of Sevastopol was returned to the city by a Senate decree.
background
From the most ancient population and the first
mentioned people who lived here - the Taurians - there are few
traces left. Cromlechs and dolmens have been preserved in the
vicinity of the city. In the 5th century BC e. Ancient Greeks,
natives of Heraclea Pontica, founded Tauric Chersonesus. There is a
version about an earlier foundation of the city, referred to as
Chersonesus by Strabos. Now the ruins of Chersonesos are located
within the city limits in the Gagarinsky district of Sevastopol,
where the Chersonesos Museum-Reserve is located. A significant part
of modern Sevastopol was occupied by the chora (agricultural
territory) of Chersonesos.
Chersonesus was an independent
policy, was part of the Roman and then the Byzantine empires.
During his journey, Chersonesos was visited by the holy Apostle
Andrew the First-Called. In Chersonese, the apostolic husband Saint
Clement, Pope of Rome (1st century AD) was martyred. Saint Martin
the Confessor, also Pope of Rome (7th century AD), died in exile in
Chersonese.
In 988, the city of Kherson (as the city began to
be called in Byzantine times; in ancient Russian sources - Korsun)
was seized by the Kiev prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich, who, together
with his retinue, adopted Christianity here. Thus, Chersonese is
considered the most likely place for the baptism of Rus'. There is
no direct confirmation of this in historical sources. But on the
other hand, other, baptisteries of that time, except for Chersonese,
are unknown on the territory of Rus'.
Chersonese was finally
destroyed by the army of the Golden Horde[28], with Emir Edigey
(Edigey) at the head, in 1399. The territory on which Sevastopol
subsequently grew belonged to the Principality of Theodoro, which
separated from Byzantium in the 13th century, and also partially
(and from the second half of the 14th century) to the Republic of
Genoa, until the Ottoman Empire seized all the possessions of
Theodorites and Genoese in the Crimea in 1475. In 1475-1781 - partly
by the Crimean Khanate, and partly directly by the Ottoman Empire.
In 1771, the territory of modern Sevastopol was occupied by
Russian troops during the next Russian-Turkish war, by 1773 the
construction of the first coastal fortifications on the shores of
the Akhtiyar Bay began, the pace of construction of which increased
after its inspection by A. V. Suvorov in 1778.
Founding and
growth of the city
Immediately after the annexation of Crimea to
Russia (the manifesto of Catherine II "On the adoption of the
Crimean peninsula, the island of Taman and the entire Kuban side
under the Russian state" was published on April 8 (19), 1783), the
frigate "Cautious" was sent to the peninsula by order of the empress
under the command of the captain II rank Ivan Bersenev to select a
harbor off the southwestern coast, on which it was planned to build
a strategically necessary military port. Having inspected in April
1783 the bay near the village of Akhtiar, located not far from the
ruins of the ancient city of Chersonesos-Tauride, Bersenev
recommended it as a base for the ships of the future Black Sea
Fleet.
The date of foundation of modern Sevastopol is June 3
(14), 1783. On this day, under the leadership of Rear Admiral Foma
Fomich Mekenzi, the first four stone buildings of Sevastopol were
laid: the house of Thomas Mekkenzie (Foma Fomich), the commander of
the Sevastopol squadron, a chapel, a forge in the Admiralty and a
pier, later called Grafskaya. The founder of the city was Rear
Admiral of Scottish origin Foma Fomich Mekenzi. But five years
earlier, by the decision of Alexander Suvorov, the first earthen
fortifications were built on the shores of the Sevastopol Bay and
Russian troops were deployed. Initially, the settlement was called
Akhtiar, after the name of the Crimean Tatar village Ak-Yar (Crimean
Tatar white coast, cliff), which was on the site of the city, until
February 10 (21), 1784, Catherine II, by her decree, ordered G. A.
Potemkin to build a large fortress in its place and call Sevastopol.
The city was built with funds received by Potemkin from the
Novorossiysk lands. Administratively, Sevastopol became part of the
Taurida region, formed as part of the Yekaterinoslav governorship.
The name of the city consists of two Greek words Σεβαστός
(Sevastos) - "highly revered, sacred" and πόλη (polis) - "city".
Sevastos is the equivalent of the Latin title "August", therefore
Sevastopol also means "August City", "Imperial City". In Soviet
literature, translations were cited that were not related to the
imperial title, for example, in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the
name is translated as “majestic city”, “city of glory”.
In
1797 Emperor Paul I renamed it Akhtiar. In 1826, by a Senate decree,
the city was returned to its former, Greek, name - Sevastopol. F. F.
Ushakov, who was appointed commander of the port and the Sevastopol
squadron in 1788, took over the implementation of the initial scheme
for the construction of the city. He built many houses, barracks, a
hospital, roads, markets, wells.
In 1802, Akhtiar became part
of the newly formed Tauride Governorate, and two years later it was
declared the main military port of the Black Sea of the Russian
Empire. In the same year, 1804, the commercial port was closed,
however, it was opened in 1808, but closed again in 1809 until 1820,
when a port was opened in the city for domestic Russian trade. There
was no international trade port in Sevastopol until 1867. The city
was military, working for the navy. In 1822, out of the 25,000
population of Akhtiar, less than 500 people were civilians. But the
initial period of the history of the city is connected not only with
military affairs, so, in 1827, archaeological excavations of Tauric
Chersonese, the oldest settlement within the boundaries of
Sevastopol, began.
In 1830, a major uprising took place in
Sevastopol, provoked by quarantine measures during the
Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829, one of the first in a series of
cholera riots of 1830-1831. It began on June 3 (15) and quickly
involved sailors, soldiers, and the lower ranks of the city. On June
4 (16) the rebels killed the governor of the city N. A. Stolypin,
several officials, and until June 7 (19) the city was in the hands
of the rebels. After the suppression of the uprising, 1580
participants were court-martialed, 7 of them were shot. The
beginning of the rapid growth of Sevastopol is inextricably linked
with the name of MP Lazarev. Appointed chief of staff of the Black
Sea Fleet in 1832, and later commander-in-chief of the fleet and
ports and military governor of the city, he built an admiralty with
ship repair and shipbuilding enterprises on the shores of
Korabelnaya and Yuzhnaya bays. Having thus created the production
base of the fleet, MP Lazarev proceeds with the reconstruction and
development of the city, for which on October 25 (November 6), 1840,
the first general plan of Sevastopol was developed and adopted. In
particular, the one-story building of the Central Hill, called the
"Ridge of Lawlessness", was demolished, making room for buildings in
the spirit of classicism. At the same time, faster than in other
cities of the Crimea, the population of Sevastopol grew. As of 1850,
it was 45,046 people, of which 32,692 were lower military ranks. The
further development of the city was provided for by the general plan
of 1851, but the Crimean War prevented its implementation.
Sevastopol played a key role in the Crimean War of
1853-1856. On September 2 (14), 1854, the 62,000-strong united army
of England, France and Turkey landed near Evpatoria and headed for
Sevastopol, which was defended by 25,000 sailors and a 7,000-strong
garrison of the city. The advantage of the attacking fleet was also
overwhelming, which is why it was later decided to sink Russian
ships to block the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay.
Victor
Hugo compared the siege of Sevastopol to the siege of Troy.
Historian Camille Rousset explains Hugo's metaphor in this way: "All
this also happened in a corner of the earth, on the border between
Asia and Europe, where great empires met ... Ten years before Troy,
ten months before Sevastopol." On September 13 (25), the city was
declared under a state of siege, the Heroic Defense of Sevastopol
began, which lasted 349 days, until August 27 (September 8), 1855.
Thanks to the unparalleled courage of the defenders, despite six
massive bombardments and two assaults, the Allies were never able to
take the naval fortress of Sevastopol. Although, as a result, the
Russian troops withdrew to the North side, they left only ruins to
the enemy. The occupation of Sevastopol by the Allies continued
until June 23 (July 5), 1856.
Under the Paris Peace Treaty of
1856, Russia and Turkey were forbidden to have a navy on the Black
Sea. The ruined city temporarily lost its strategic importance, but
became a major center of tourism. After the abolition of the
military port, foreign merchant ships were allowed to enter
Sevastopol.
In 1867 Mark Twain visited Sevastopol. In
"Simples Abroad" he described the city thus:
Pompeii is much
better preserved than Sevastopol. Whichever way you look, there are
ruins everywhere, only ruins! Destroyed houses, collapsed walls,
piles of rubble - complete ruin. It was as if a monstrous earthquake
had hit this piece of land with all its might. For a long year and a
half, the war raged here and left the city in such ruins, sadder
than which is not seen under the sun. Not a single house remained
unscathed, not a single one can be inhabited. It is hard to imagine
a more terrible, more complete destruction. The houses here were
built to last, built of stone, but cannonballs hit them again and
again, ripped off the roofs, cut the walls from top to bottom, and
now there are only broken chimneys for half a mile. It is impossible
to even guess what these houses looked like. Corners of the largest
buildings have been torn down, columns split in half, cornices
smashed to smithereens, holes gaping in the walls. Some of them are
so round and neat, as if they were drilled through with a drill.
Others were not pierced through, and such an even, smooth and clear
mark remained in the wall, as if it had been deliberately polished.
Here and there, the cannonballs are stuck in the walls, and rusty
tears ooze from under them, leaving a dark path on the stone.
In 1875, the Kharkiv-Lozovaya-Sevastopol railway was built,
connecting the mainland of the country with the city.
The
need to revive the Russian Black Sea Fleet arose again during the
Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, when Turkey introduced an armored
fleet into the Black Sea, and Russia was able to oppose only armed
merchant ships and light ships.
In 1890, Sevastopol was
classified as a fortress, the trading port was transferred to
Feodosia.
In 1901, the first social democratic circles appeared
in the city, in 1902 they united into the “Sevastopol workers'
organization”, on its basis in 1903 the Sevastopol committee of the
RSDLP was created.
On May 14 (27), 1905, the world-famous
panorama "Defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855" was opened, built according
to the project of engineer O. I. Enberg and architect V. A. Feldman,
artist F. A. Rubo.
During the years of the first Russian
revolution, there was an uprising on the battleship Potemkin, his
example caused sailors to speak on other ships of the Black Sea Fleet.
In November 1905, the crews of 14 warships, the workers of the port and
the marine plant, and the soldiers of the garrison took part in the
armed uprising. On November 14 (27), 1905, the red flag was raised on
the cruiser Ochakov, Lieutenant P. P. Schmidt led the first formation of
ships of the revolutionary fleet. The troops crushed the rebellion, and
its leaders P.P. Schmidt and others were shot.
In 1917, after the October Revolution, power in the
city passed to the Council of Military and Workers' Deputies. After a
short period of power of the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks in
the Soviet, new elections were held, where the Bolsheviks received the
majority. Finally, Soviet power was established after the occupation of
the city by the Bolsheviks and the retreat of Wrangel's troops on
November 15, 1920.
Historian Sergei Melgunov writes in his book
Red Terror in Russia that Sevastopol, along with Balaklava, became one
of those Crimean cities where the executions carried out by the
Bolsheviks took on the largest scale - the total number of those
executed was about 29 thousand people. As Melgunov writes, the Soviet
authorities denied the population of Sevastopol the right to complain
about the perpetrators of repression, "because they assisted the White
Guards." In addition to former soldiers and officers of the Russian
Imperial Army, residents of the city, Red Cross workers, zemstvo
officials, journalists, etc. were shot.
On June 22, 1941, the city was subjected to the first
bombardment by German aircraft, the purpose of which was to mine the
bays from the air and block the fleet. The plan was thwarted by
anti-aircraft and naval artillery of the Black Sea Fleet. After the
invasion of the German army into the Crimea, the defense of the city
began, lasting 248 days (October 30, 1941 - July 4, 1942. On November 4,
1941, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command created the
Sevastopol defensive region. The Soviet troops of the Primorsky Army
(Major General I. E. Petrov) and forces The Black Sea Fleet (Vice
Admiral F. S. Oktyabrsky) repelled two major offensives of Manstein's
11th Army in November and December 1941, pinning down large enemy
forces. (GKO), chairman - first secretary of the Sevastopol City
Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks B. A. Borisov.
An active partisan movement unfolded near Sevastopol, which included
pioneers and Komsomol members. Among them were Valery Volkov and Vilor
Chekmak.
In June-July 1942, the garrison of Sevastopol, as well
as the troops evacuated from Odessa, defended against superior enemy
forces for four weeks. The city was abandoned by the Soviet troops only
when the possibilities of defense were exhausted. It happened on July 9,
1942. According to the plans of the Nazis, the city was to be renamed
Theodorichshafen (German: Theoderichshafen), but these plans were not
implemented. In 1942-1944, the Sevastopol underground was led by V. D.
Revyakin, a participant in the defense of the city. During the German
occupation, the city was almost completely destroyed (all industrial
enterprises and public utilities were completely destroyed, no more than
6% of the pre-war housing stock survived). In the city, 27 thousand
civilians were exterminated (not counting the executed and tortured
prisoners of war), 42 thousand were taken to Germany for forced labor;
at the time of liberation, there were only 3,000 civilians in
Sevastopol. Only in two prisoner of war camps - in the barracks of the
former semi-crew of the Black Sea Fleet and in the infirmary at the
Sevastopol prison, up to 5 thousand Soviet prisoners of war were killed
and starved to death.
During the Crimean offensive operation of
1944, from April 17 to April 19, the advanced units of the three Soviet
armies of the 4th Ukrainian Front (General of the Army F. I. Tolbukhin)
fought on the distant approaches to Sevastopol. On April 23-25, an
attempt was made to liberate the city, but they managed to advance in a
number of directions up to 5 kilometers and capture several strongholds
of the German defense: the Germans managed to take up a strong defense,
while using the Soviet fortifications of 1941-1942. Marshal A.M.
Vasilevsky obtained from I.V. Stalin the suspension of the decisive
assault for several days in order to bring up heavy artillery and a
sufficient amount of ammunition, as well as all the lagging behind rear
units. On May 5, 1944, a decisive assault began on distracting
directions, on May 7, the assault on the main German defensive
fortifications on Sapun Gora began, and on May 9, the city was
liberated. On May 12, Cape Khersones was cleared of the remnants of
German troops.
By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of May
1, 1945, No. 20[64], Leningrad, Stalingrad, Sevastopol and Odessa were
named hero cities.
In the post-war years, the city was completely rebuilt
for the second time. On November 19, 1944, a resolution of the Council
of People's Commissars of the USSR "On measures to restore the city of
Sevastopol" was adopted, in 1945 it was included in the list of 15
cities to be restored in the first place. On April 30, 1946, the Council
of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the master plan for Sevastopol. But
Stalin was very dissatisfied with the pace of the restoration of the
city and on October 25, 1948, the Council of Ministers of the USSR
adopted the Resolution "On the restoration of the city and the main base
of the Black Sea Fleet of Sevastopol", which set the task of completing
the restoration of the city in 4 years. For its implementation, in
addition to the specific tasks assigned to civilian departments, the
military Directorate for the restoration of Sevastopol (headed by Major
General I. V. Komzin) and the naval Directorate "Sevastopolvoenmorstroy"
were created. Both of them were given several military construction
battalions, construction equipment was delivered by echelons, brick and
cement plants were built for their needs. In general, the Decree of 1948
was implemented on time.
In the 1950s, a ring of streets and
squares was built around the main city hill; in the 1960s and 1970s, a
number of new residential areas were built; General Ostryakova Avenue
was built in the area of the former Kulikovo Polye; on the north side.
In 1954, the building of the panorama "Defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855"
was recreated, in 1957 a new building of the city's Russian Drama
Theater was built. In 1959, the diorama "Assault on Sapun Mountain on
May 7, 1944" was opened. On Nakhimov Square in 1964-1967, the Memorial
of the Heroic Defense of Sevastopol in 1941-1942 was built. In Soviet
times, the city was one of the cleanest and most comfortable in the
USSR. A number of academic and sectoral research institutes are founded
in the city: the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (on the basis
of the Marine Biological Station) and the Marine Hydrophysical Institute
of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, the Sevastopol Branch
of the State Institute of Oceanology and Oceanography, the Black Sea
Branch of the Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology and a number
of others. Universities also appear in Sevastopol: the Sevastopol
Instrument-Making Institute, which quickly became one of the largest
polytechnic universities in the country, and two higher naval schools:
the Black Sea named after P. S. Nakhimov (CHVVMU) in Streletskaya Balka
and the Sevastopol Engineering Institute in the Holland region (SVVMIU).
In 1954, on the centenary of the first heroic defense, the city was
awarded the Order of the Red Banner, on May 8, 1965, Sevastopol, as a
Hero City, was awarded the Gold Star medal, and in 1983 it was awarded
the Order of the October Revolution.
In 1948, Sevastopol was
singled out as an “independent administrative and economic center” and
“classified as cities of republican subordination,” and in 1954 it was
actually transferred to the Ukrainian SSR (for more details, see Legal
status of Sevastopol).
On January 20, 1991, a referendum was held
in the city, in which 97% of the inhabitants voted for "the status of
Sevastopol - the main base of the Black Sea Fleet, a city of
union-republican subordination."
At the all-Ukrainian referendum
on December 1, 1991, 57% of the residents of Sevastopol who voted voted
for the independence of Ukraine (54% in the Crimean ASSR).
After the collapse of the USSR in 1991 and the
adoption of the new Constitution of Ukraine in 1996, Sevastopol,
according to Article 133 of the constitution, was classified as a city
with a special status, becoming a first-level administrative unit (along
with the capital of the country, Kiev). It did not become part of the
Autonomous Republic of Crimea. After the adoption in 1999 of the law on
the capital of Ukraine, Sevastopol remained the only city in Ukraine,
the mayor of which (the head of the Sevastopol City State
Administration) was not elected, but appointed by the President of
Ukraine. However, the city council of Sevastopol had the right to veto
any decision of the mayor - the head of the administration of
Sevastopol.
As a result of the events of February-March 2014,
Sevastopol, like almost the rest of Crimea, was annexed by the Russian
Federation. This event was immediately preceded by many months of
anti-presidential and anti-government actions in Ukraine (Euromaidan),
which ended in February 2014 with the removal of Viktor Yanukovych from
the presidency of the country. The very first actions of the opposition
that came to power in Kyiv provoked protests in Crimea by the local,
mostly Russian-speaking, population; the Russian leadership, according
to Russian President Vladimir Putin, on the morning of February 23,
2014, decided to “start work on returning Crimea to Russia.” In the
course of subsequent events, it provided all possible military,
material, financial, diplomatic and psychological support to the
pro-Russian forces on the peninsula.
On February 23-24, 2014,
under pressure from pro-Russian protesters, the executive authorities of
Sevastopol were changed; the actual head of the city was the businessman
and citizen of Russia Alexei Chaly, who was appointed head of the
Sevastopol city administration for ensuring the life of the city and
chairman of the coordinating council under it. During the rally, it was
announced the creation of self-defense units from among volunteers. On
March 1, the deputies of the Sevastopol City Council voted in favor of
disobeying the decisions of the new authorities of Ukraine and supported
holding a referendum in Crimea on the status of autonomy, endowing the
Sevastopol Coordinating Council for the defense and ensuring the life of
the city with the appropriate powers.
On March 6, 2014, at an
extraordinary session of the Sevastopol City Council, decisions were
made on the entry of the city of Sevastopol into the Russian Federation,
on supporting the decision of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea to hold an all-Crimean referendum and on the
participation of the city in its holding.
On March 11, 2014, the
Sevastopol City Council and the Supreme Council of the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea adopted the Declaration of Independence of the
Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol].
On
March 16, a referendum was held on the status of Crimea. On March 17,
the protocol of the Sevastopol city referendum commission was
unanimously approved by the city council. According to the protocol,
89.5% of the voters of Sevastopol took part in the referendum, and 95.6%
of them were in favor of joining Crimea to Russia.
On the
territory of Crimea, the independent Republic of Crimea was proclaimed,
in which Sevastopol entered as a city with a special status. The
Sevastopol City Council turned to Russia with an initiative to include
the city of Sevastopol into the Russian Federation as a separate entity
(city of federal significance), and later declared itself the
Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol.
On March 18, Russia and the
Crimean authorities signed an agreement on the entry of the independent
Republic of Crimea (including the city of Sevastopol) into Russia with
the formation of two new subjects - the Republic of Crimea and the
federal city of Sevastopol. Three days later, Russian President Vladimir
Putin signed the law on the ratification of the treaty and the federal
constitutional law on the annexation of Crimea to Russia. At the same
time, a decree was signed on the creation of the Crimean Federal
District, which included the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of
Sevastopol.
On the territory of Crimea, the independent Republic
of Crimea was proclaimed, in which Sevastopol entered as a city with a
special status. The Sevastopol City Council turned to Russia with an
initiative to include the city of Sevastopol into the Russian Federation
as a separate entity (city of federal significance), and later declared
itself the Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol.
On March 18,
Russia and the Crimean authorities signed an agreement on the entry of
the independent Republic of Crimea (including the city of Sevastopol)
into Russia with the formation of two new subjects - the Republic of
Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Three days later, Russian
President Vladimir Putin signed the law on the ratification of the
treaty and the federal constitutional law on the annexation of Crimea to
Russia. At the same time, a decree was signed on the creation of the
Crimean Federal District, which included the Republic of Crimea and the
federal city of Sevastopol.
Location and landscape
The area of the city is
1079.6 km², including the water area - 216 km².
As part of the
lands of the federal city of Sevastopol, as of January 1, 2019, the
following are distinguished:
50 km² - residential development land;
16 km² - land for public and business development;
20 km² -
industrial lands;
23 km² - public land;
17 km² - land of
transport, communications, utilities;
277 km² - land for agricultural
use;
8 km² - lands of specially protected territories and objects;
14 km² - lands of the water fund;
355 km² - lands of forestries and
forest parks;
49 km² - land under military and other sensitive
facilities;
10 km² - land under objects of other special purpose;
25 km² - land not involved in urban planning or other activities.
The city of Sevastopol is located in the southwestern part of the
Crimean Peninsula on the Herakleian Peninsula. The historical center of
the city is located on the southern side of the Sevastopol Bay.
The territory of the city of federal significance (Sevastopol City
Council) borders on the administrative units of the (Autonomous)
Republic of Crimea - in the northeast with the Bakhchisaray district,
and in the southeast - with the territory of the urban district of Yalta
(Yalta City Council); the total length of the land borders is 106 km.
In the west and south, the territory of the Sevastopol region is
limited by the Black Sea coastline, the total length of which is 152 km.
The extreme points are:
in the north - Cape Lucullus,
in the south
- Cape Nicholas,
in the west - Cape Khersones,
in the east - Mount
Tez-Bair on the Ai-Petri Yaila.
All three main ridges of the
Crimean Mountains originate on the territory of the Sevastopol region:
Southern ridge - Balaklava heights,
The inner ridge - the Mekenziev
mountains,
The outer ridge is the Kara-Tau upland.
Main types
of landscapes:
Sasyk-Alminsky - feather-grass-steppe, flat-beam
landscape (northern part of the city);
Heracleian external cuesto,
xerophytic-freegan (occupies the largest area);
Balaklava
low-mountain, marginal-ridge, forest-shrub (Balaklava region);
Baidarsky piedmont, mountain-hollow, forest-steppe (the smallest in
area, in the extreme south-east of the Balaklava region).
The
Belbek, Chernaya and Kacha rivers flow through the territory of
Sevastopol, occupying the first, second and fourth places in Crimea in
terms of full flow, respectively.
The coast near Sevastopol is
unique for the Crimea due to the large number (more than 30) of
convenient, well-protected ice-free bays.
The winding shores of
the longest Sevastopol bay go deeper into the peninsula for more than
eight kilometers. Rocky headlands are natural strongholds. Sevastopol
Bay is considered one of the few most convenient bays in the world.
Protected areas of Sevastopol:
Baydarsky is a landscape reserve
of national importance.
Cossack Bay is a general zoological,
hydrological reserve of national importance.
Cape Aya is a landscape
reserve of national importance.
Cape Fiolent is a landscape reserve
of national importance.
Coastal aquatic complex near Cape Fiolent.
Coastal aquatic complex at Cape Lucullus.
The coastal aquatic complex
near the Chersonesos Reserve is a hydrological monument of local
importance.
Sarych-Laspinskiy coastal-aquatic complex is a
hydrological monument of nature.
The Laspi Rocks are a protected
area.
Ushakova Balka is a botanical natural monument of local
importance.
Sevastopol is located in the MSK time zone (Moscow time). The offset of the applicable time from UTC is +3:00. In accordance with the applied time and geographic longitude, the average solar noon in Sevastopol occurs at 12:46.
The climate in the territory subordinate to the
Sevastopol City Council is close to the subtropical climate of the
southern coast of Crimea, and has its own characteristics in two
microclimatic subzones that divide the city in half along the border of
Cape Fiolent:
in the foothills - relatively mild, marine,
temperate continental,
on the southeast coast - subtropical
Mediterranean type (Köppen designation: Cfa).
The average monthly
air temperature throughout the year is positive. The coldest month is
February (average temperature is +2.8 ºС), the warmest is July (average
temperature is +22.4 ºС). The temperature of the surface water layer of
the Black Sea near the coast of Sevastopol is also always above zero,
and in July it averages +22.4 ºС. Atmospheric precipitation falls fairly
evenly throughout the year: from 280 to 400 mm/yr. The driest month of
the year is May.
The duration of sunshine exceeds 2350 hours
(including 1898 hours in the period April-October)[25], and in July in
Sevastopol the solar disk not covered by clouds dominates the sky for
356 hours. This is several hours more than to the east - in Yalta and
Alushta, and 122 hours more than in the more southern Black Sea city of
Batumi.