Location: Crimean Peninsula
Alushta (Алушта) is one of the pretties resort town in
Crimean Peninsula in Russia. It is spread on the shores of the
Black Sea and surrounded by picturesque mountains and ancient ruins.
The climate is subtropical Mediterranean type. It is very similar in temperature to the climate of Yalta
from April to September, but a little colder (on average by 0.5 ° C)
from October to March. Alushta resort has 2 passes (Kebit Bogaz and
Angarsk Pass), due to which air masses constantly move from the
plains of the peninsula to the sea and back. In this regard, the
climate is characterized by hot summers and mild winters, as well as
comparative dryness, most of the precipitation falls from November
to March. The average humidity is 72%.
The average
temperature of the coldest month - January is +4.1 ° C, and the
warmest month - August is +26.2 ° C. The total duration of sunshine
is 2321 hours per year. The water temperature does not drop below +8
° C even in the coldest period. The swimming season is from May to
October. During these months, the water temperature is not lower
than +17 ° C. The warmest sea is from July to September - when the
water temperature reaches + 22 ... + 27 ° C. In summer, storms are
rare and short-lived.
By plane
The nearest airport is in Simferopol.
By train
The nearest railway station is Simferopol.
By car
Distance to
the cities of Crimea
Bakhchysarai 83
km
Yevpatoria 109 km
Kerch 246 km
Sevastopol 128 km
Simferopol 45 km
Sudak
93 km
Feodosiya 148 km
Yalta
41 km
By bus
Flights from Simferopol (40 min - 1 h), Yalta (40
min), Dzhankoy, Feodosia and several cities outside the Crimea (Sochi,
Novorossiysk, Anapa, Stavropol).
Bus station, Simferopolskaya
st., 1. ☎ +7 (36560) 5-03-43. in winter 06:30 - 21:30, in summer 06:30 -
23:00. There is a waiting room, a left-luggage office (07:00 - 20:00),
vending machines for soft drinks, coffee and tea, tent stalls selling
food, ATMs (RNCB, Krayinvestbank, Bank of Russia). E-tickets can be
purchased on the carrier's website gosbus.ru.
By trolleybus
Trolleybus No. 51 departs from the Simferopol railway station with the
message Simferopol - Alushta. You can also get from the railway station
by route No. 52 by the message Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta (does not
enter the "lower" Alushta, stops at the bus station). In recent years,
the trolleybus department has been purchasing minibuses and running them
parallel to trolleybus routes in the minibus mode.
Intercity
trolleybus station, st. Gorky, 4.
Fixed-route taxi, trolleybuses, buses, taxis.
Mount Kastel (on the southern outskirts of Alushta, behind the Professor's Corner). The cost of an entrance ticket to the reserve is 60 rubles, for children - free of charge. The height of the mountain is 439 m. There are remains of an ancient fortress (the word “castel” itself is translated as “fortress”). Chaos formed on the eastern slope, a disorderly heap of boulders. In the foothills there is the Kastel botanical reserve, along which a hiking trail has been laid.
Fortress Aluston, st. April 15, 17-a (block between April 15 Street,
Engels Street and Upper Street). Built by the Byzantines in the 6th
century to control the surrounding area, it was one of the largest
fortresses in the northern Black Sea region of that time with a wall
height of up to 10 m, and was abandoned by them in the 7th century. In
the X century, it was increased by 2 times under the control of the
Khazar Khaganate, but was soon destroyed, presumably by the Pechenegs.
In 1382, it was restored by the Genoese, and a century later it was
destroyed again, this time by the Turks, after which the fortress was no
longer restored (although attempts were made to restore it at the end of
the 19th century). At this time, only a small part of the fortress has
survived: the Round (Genoese) tower (located on April 15 street) and the
Square tower (Volodarsky street, 3). Parts of the defensive walls are
used as the basis for modern buildings.
Dacha "Golubka", st. Lenina,
20. The name of the dacha comes from the name of the first owner,
General Golubov. Year of construction - 1827. Here, with a difference of
60 years, Nicholas II and Stalin stayed, and in 1918 the arrested (and
subsequently shot) members of the government of the Republic of Taurida
were kept in the basement. Currently, the city library.
Dacha
Stakheev (Villa "Joy"), Perekopskaya st., 1 (next to the wild beach). An
architectural monument of the late 19th century. It was built on the
Alushta embankment by the architect N. Krasnov for the merchant N.D.
Stakheev. Nikolai Stakheev is the nephew of the artist Ivan Shishkin, a
millionaire and philanthropist who has done quite a lot for Alushta;
among other things, the Aluston fortress was repaired with his money and
the church of Theodore Stratilates was equipped. Currently, the building
houses the Center for Children's Creativity. In the park at the dacha, a
huge plane tree grows, which bears its own name "Memory of Aluston".
Temple in the name of all the Crimean Saints and the Holy Great
Martyr Theodore Stratilat, st. Vladimir Khromykh, 14. Built in 1842
at the direction of Count M. S. Vorontsov, designed by architect G.
I. Toricelli. It is a monument of architecture and history, belongs
to the Alushta deanery of the Simferopol and Crimean diocese of the
Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate).
Mosque
Yukary-Jami , st. Vladimir Khromykh, 9 (actually on Upper Street). ☎
+7 (36560) 3-31-20. Built in the nineteenth century. on the
territory of the Aluston fortress.
Cosmo-Damianovsky Monastery
(Kozmodemyanovsky) Wikidata element (20 km from Alushta along the
mountain road Alushta - Yalta). Located on the territory of the
Crimean reserve. The monastery was founded in 1857 near the healing
spring Savluh-Su.
Monument to the liberators of Alushta, corner of Partizanskaya and
Simferopolskaya st. (Square of Victory). Self-propelled artillery mount
SU-100 on a pedestal.
Bust of A. S. Griboyedov, Sovietskaya Square.
Monuments to Gorky and Pushkin
Villa Otrada (Dacha Staheeva) Вилла "Отрада" (Дача Стахеева)
1 Water park "Almond Grove", Professor's Corner,
Embankment st., 4-a (500 m from the city center and 1500 m from the
Simferopol-Yalta highway. By trolleybuses No. 51, 52 from Simferopol,
No. 52, 53 from Yalta). ✉ ☎ +7 (36560) 2-59-71. Operates from June to
October. 800-1300 rub. 6 swimming pools, 14 water slides, 4 slide
platforms, solarium areas. As well as waterfalls, fountains, jacuzzis,
overflow channels and other attractions. On the territory there is a
studio-bar "Dolphin", a children's cafe "Vitamin", fast food,
left-luggage offices, safes for valuables, changing rooms, showers,
toilets, a first-aid post. Also a gym 75 rubles/hour; Roman bath and
Finnish sauna 760 rubles / 2 hours.
* Bowling Mon–Fri 15:00–24:00,
Sat–Sun 12:00–24:00. 300-680 rub/hour. Four tracks for the game.
* Billiards Mon–Fri 15:00–24:00, Sat–Sun 12:00–24:00. 190 rub/hour. 2
tables for Russian billiards and 1 table for snooker.
✦ Aquarium , st. Gorky, 4 (in the basement of the trolleybus ticket
office building). ☎ +7 (36560) 35533, 0111 +7 (978) 729 0111. May -
October 9:00 - 21:00, November - April 9:00 - 19:00, ticket office
closes 1 hour earlier. Adult 350 rubles, children (from 3 to 13 years
old) 200 rubles. A small, neatly decorated aquarium. Has 4 rooms. An
excellent tour guide-enthusiast conducts free tours. For a small
surcharge, you can feed the crocodiles. On the top floor there is a
terrarium.
2 Dolphinarium "Nemo" (will not work in 2015), Revkomovsky
per. (near the Spartak stadium). ☎ +7 (36560) 2-62-62. Operates only
during the holiday season. Show Tue-Sun 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, romantic
night show at 21:30. Show 310-370 rubles, night show 460 rubles,
swimming with a dolphin 1800 rubles / 5 min, 3000 rubles / 10 min.
3
Dolphinarium "Watercolor", st. Gorky, 7D. ☎ +7 (978) 830 30 30. Open all
year round, dolphin show on Wed, Sat, Sun at 15:00. Dolphin show 450-600
rubles, swimming with a dolphin 2000 rubles / 5 min, 3000 rubles / 10
min, boating with a dolphin 500 rubles. Dolphin therapy sessions are
also possible.
4 Park "Crimea in miniature" , st. Gorky, 7. ☎ 0745
+7 (978) 000 0745. May-September 09:00 - 23:00, October-April 09:00 -
20:00. 600 r. (from 12 years old); 400 r. (from 3 to 12 years).
Exhibition of the most famous Crimean sights in miniature size on a
scale of 1:25. One of the seven winners of the Kaleidoscope of Wonders
of Crimea competition in the nomination "7 Modern Wonders of Crimea"
Multipark, st. Gorkogo, 16 (on the territory of the sanatorium
"Alushtinsky", next to the park "Crimea in Miniature"). ☎ 0111 +7 (978)
729 0111. 9:00-22:00. Adult - 250 rubles, children (from 3 to 13 years
old) - 150 rubles. More than fifty sculptures of cartoon characters have
been installed in the park: Winnie the Pooh, Carlson with the Kid,
Matroskin the cat, Snow White, Mickey Mouse, etc. Perhaps it will be
interesting for children.
5 Tasting room of the
Massandra winery, st. Lenina, 54-b. ☎ +7 (978) 743 16 39. 🕑 Tours and
tastings Mon-Fri at 16:00.
6 Museum of History and Local Lore, st. Lenina, 8. ☎ 09 +7 (36560)
355 09 . 🕑 10:00–18:00, except Tue. Adult 120 rubles, children 60
rubles. Excursion - additional 100 rubles per person. There is an
archaeological collection (including from the excavations of the
medieval settlement of Partenit), rare numismatic specimens, a rich
ethnographic collection, including Crimean Tatar and Armenian attire and
household items. There are many exhibits from the Soviet past of the
city: personal belongings of participants in the Civil and Great
Patriotic Wars, documents and photographs of the city, samples of
products from industrial enterprises of that time.
7 Museum of Nature and Arboretum of the Crimean State
Nature Reserve, Partizanskaya st., 42 up, there we go). ☎ +7 (36560)
3-50-33. Tue–Sun 9:00–18:00, break from 13:00 to 14:00. The museum
exposition tells about the history of the reserve, its flora and fauna,
and the nature of the Crimean mountains. The diorama "Swan Islands" was
created.
Near the museum there is an arboretum, which presents
typical animals and birds of the Crimean mountains: deer, roe deer, wild
boars, moufflons, squirrels, pheasants and vultures.
8 Literary and
Memorial Museum of S.N. Sergeev-Tsensky, st. Sergeeva-Tsensky, 5. ☎ +7
(36560) 3-06-64. Wed–Mon 10:00–18:00. The museum is located in the house
where the famous writer, academician Sergei Nikolaevich Sergeev-Tsensky
lived and worked. His personal belongings and the library are exhibited.
You can get acquainted with his work, the environment in which the
writer lived. The adjacent garden and three cypress alleys planted by
the author have also been preserved. On the territory of the museum, in
the garden, there is also the grave of Sergeyev-Tsensky.
9
House-Museum of Academician of Architecture A.N. Beketova, Professor's
Corner, Komsomolskaya st., 4. ☎ +7 (36560) 5-79-43, +7 (36560) 3-50-43,
+7 (36560) 2-59-99. Tue–Sat 10:00–17:00. The architect Beketov became
the founder of the Kharkov architectural school and designed a large
number of buildings in the Crimea and Ukraine. One of them is the museum
building, built in 1896 in the Moorish style and serving as a dacha for
the Beketov family. You can see documents, drawings, photographs of A.N.
Beketova. There is an exposition of works by Crimean artists of the XIX
- XX centuries.
10 Museum of the writer I.S. Shmeleva, Professor's
Corner, Embankment st., 2. ☎ +7 (36560) 3-05-70. Tue–Sat 10:00–17:00.
The museum building is a small house where the writer Ivan Sergeevich
Shmelev lived in 1918-1922. After he learned about the execution of his
son (a member of the Volunteer Army) in Feodosia and survived the famine
of 1921, he moved to France, where he wrote his most famous work, The
Sun of the Dead. The museum presents the furnishings of those years,
paintings, furniture, books and photographs of the author.
The entire coast of Alushta is one large pebble beach 10-30 meters wide, divided by piers or fences into small parts. Some of the beaches belong to the city, the entrance to them is free, while the other part belongs to hotels and boarding houses, where you already have to pay an entrance fee. Several main public free beaches: the city beach "Laskovyi Bereg", reinforced concrete beach, the beach in the Professor's Corner.
There are about a dozen banking branches, including: Rossiya Bank, Krayinvestbank, RNCB, Genbank, Verkhnevolzhsky, Smolevich. There are many ATMs throughout the city.
The city is located in the Crimean sub-Mediterranean ecoregion, so
the climate of Alushta is subtropical Mediterranean type. Very similar
in temperature to the climate of Yalta from April to September, but a
little colder (on average by 0.5 ° C) from October to March. Alushta
resort has 2 passes (Kebit-bogaz and Angarsk pass), thanks to which air
masses are constantly moving from the plains of the peninsula to the sea
and back. In this regard, the climate is characterized by hot summers
and mild winters, as well as comparative dryness, most of the
precipitation falls from November to March. The average air humidity is
72%.
The average temperature of the coldest month - January is
+4.1 °C, and the warmest month - August is +26.2 °C. The total duration
of sunshine is 2321 hours per year. The water temperature does not drop
below +8 °C even in the coldest period. The swimming season is from May
to October. During these months, the water temperature is not lower than
+17 °C. The warmest sea is from July to September - when the water
temperature reaches + 22 ... + 27 ° C. In summer, storms are rare and
short-lived.
Despite a slight difference with Yalta in terms of
average temperature, in winter in Alushta, a frost of −18.3 ° C (-21 °
C, February 1, 2012) was recorded (for the entire observation period)
(while in Yalta never was not lower than -12.3 ° C), and the minimum
temperature in the year is on average 3 ° C lower (the height of the
passes is only 590-752 meters, and the height of the mountains in Yalta
is almost 750 meters higher, which gives such a difference), that is,
according to the USDA hardiness zone, Alushta is kept only in zone 8b.
As a result of this, such indicators are sufficient for growth without
shelter of Trachycarpus Fortune palms, but they are dangerous for
Washingtonia thread-bearing and Washingtonia strong palms, which winter
without problems in Yalta and Sochi.
The average annual wind
speed in Alushta is 4 m / s (and in Yalta 2 m / s) - that is why a
stable expression was formed that “it feels 3 degrees colder in winter
in Alushta than in Yalta.”
The abundance of sun, fresh air, warm
sea and picturesque mountains are the important components that make
Alushta a wonderful climatic resort. The famous doctor Botkin wrote:
"Alushta is healthier than Yalta, where during the summer heat the air
is continuously renewed by draft through the mountain passes along the
sides of Chatyr-Dag."
Cheap
You can put up a tent near the mountain, almost outside the
city, in the direction of Sudak.
Lots of cheap private housing (from
$10 per night). Look for signs that say "Housing".
Average cost
Hotel "Santa Barbara", pos. Cliff, st. Gagarina, 25/67-71. Modern rooms
with every comfort. Cafe, sauna, private beach with sun loungers and
umbrellas, WiFi. The price includes two meals a day.
Boarding house
"Rai", Professor's corner, Naberezhnaya st., 4.
Sanatorium "Alushta",
st. Glazkritskogo, 8 (Professor's corner). ☎ +7 (36560) 2-53-64. From
1280 rubles per person, three meals a day are included. The sanatorium
has a large park, an outdoor swimming pool, sports grounds, a tennis
court.
Expensive
Park-hotel "Prague".
Alushta, according to one version, comes from the
Greek αλυσίδα [alusida], that is, a chain. Aluston Fortress was
built by order of Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century. During the
Middle Ages, Alusta was a significant coastal stronghold for all
states that owned the southern coast of Crimea: the Roman
(Byzantine) Empire, the Khazar Khaganate, the Principality of
Theodoro.
During the reign of the Genoese, Alushta was one of
the fortified points of the captaincy of Gothia (the so-called part
of the Genoese possessions in the Crimea, which extended west to
Fori). The fortress became a bone of contention between the Genoese
and the Principality of Theodoro, since, along with Yalta and
Gurzuf, it had a pier equipped by the Byzantines. The Italians
called the city Lusta. Only two towers of the medieval fortress have
survived to this day.
After the conquest of the southern
coast of Crimea by the Ottomans, Alushta was part of the Sudak
Kadylyk. She lost her naval significance, becoming, like Yalta and
Gurzuf, an ordinary seaside village. Nevertheless, at the climax of
the inflamed struggle for the Crimea between Russia and Turkey, it
was Alushta that became the landing site of the Turkish army, which
aimed to oust Russian troops from the peninsula. The Janissary
backbone of this landing was defeated by the operational corps of
V.P. Musin-Pushkin near the village of Shuma north of Alushta. At
the same time, he distinguished himself, but was seriously wounded
by Lieutenant Colonel M.I. Kutuzov, who commanded the grenadier
battalion of the Moscow Legion that delivered the main blow.
After the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire and the
formation of the Tauride province, Alushta became the center of the
volost of Simferopol, and then Yalta counties. The southern coast of
Crimea is being developed by the concerns of the Novorossiysk and
Bessarabian Governor-General Count M. S. Vorontsov. In 1833,
Nicholas I approved the design of a large temple, the author of
which was the Odessa architect G. I. Toricelli. The temple in the
name of all the Crimean saints and Theodore Stratelates was built
and consecrated in 1842.
At the end of the 19th - beginning
of the 20th century, Alushta began to gain popularity as a resort
and in 1902 received the status of a city.
At the same time,
the resort suburb of Alushta began to develop, which is now part of
the city and is called the Professor's Corner. Initially, the area
was called Tyrnak or Ternak (Crimean Tatar. tırnaq - nail), then it
was called the Professor's Corner, then the Working Corner (since
1920), and finally again the Professor's Corner. In 1886, after
retiring, the famous Russian geologist and teacher N. A. Golovkinsky
settled in his mansion in Kasteli-Primorsky. After many prominent
scientists began to build their dachas nearby, the Professor's
Corner became a place where they rested, worked and lived:
professors D.I. Tikhomirov, A.E. Golubev, A. I. Kirpichnikov,
academician of architecture A. I. Beketov. For many years, the first
Russian female doctor N.P. Suslova lived here. On her initiative, a
free school for village children was opened in the Professor's
Corner. Monuments were erected to N. A. Golovkinsky and N. P.
Suslova in the village of Lazurnoe, at the foot of Mount Kastel. The
life of the Russian writer S. N. Sergeev-Tsensky was connected with
the Work Corner. The writer I.S. Shmelev also bought a house here.
After the loss of Perekop and the Ishun positions, part of the
Soviet troops retreated directly to Sevastopol, while a part, being
cut off, retreated through Alushta and Yalta along the South Coast
Highway. By November 4, advanced German and Romanian units crushed
the resistance of the barriers and occupied the city. During the
withdrawal from Sudak along the South Bank, units of the 48th OKD,
together with the remnants of the 294th and 297th regiments of the
184th SD, entered the battle on November 4 and 5, 1941 with the
enemy in the Alushta region, they even occupied the city, but did
not break through succeeded and retreated to the mountains.
The German occupation, which lasted from November 4, 1941 to April
15, 1944, caused severe damage to the city. The Alushta partisan
detachment of the Southern Union of Crimean partisans fought in the
surrounding mountains and forests of the Crimean Reserve, almost all
of its original composition died in battle. More than 500 residents
of Alushta died at the hands of the invaders, 231 people were driven
away to work in Germany. The city became even more depopulated after
the deportation of the Crimean Tatars on May 18, 1944. In Alushta
there are monuments dedicated to military events.
In the
post-war years, Alushta developed as a seaside resort, many new
boarding houses and rest houses were built. The Soviet films
"Prisoner of the Caucasus", "Hearts of Three", "Ships Storm the
Bastions" and others were filmed in the vicinity.
To honor
citizens for special services to the city community, for outstanding
achievements and high professional skills in the development of
science, healthcare, education, culture, art, sports, political,
economic, charitable and other fields of activity, the title of
Honorary Citizen of the city was established in 1966 Alushta.
Currently, 29 people have been awarded the title.